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1、商务英语综合教程商务英语综合教程 Unit 1 Statement at the Opening Plenary Session of the United Nations Summit on Climate ChangeIntroductionIntroductionClimate change is an issue arising in the course of human development.It is associated with both natural factors and human activities.It is an environmental issue,bu
2、t also,and more importantly,a development issue,as it is closely connected with the development stage,way of life,size of population and resource endowment of different countries and their places in the international division of labor.In the final analysis,we should and can only advance efforts to a
3、ddress climate change in the course of development and meet the challenge through common development.New Wordscatalyze vt.催化;刺激,促进催化;刺激,促进differentiate vi.区分,区别区分,区别 vt.区分,区别区分,区别endowment n.捐赠;捐助;捐款;天资捐赠;捐助;捐款;天资imperative adj.必要的,势在必行的;命令的;紧急的必要的,势在必行的;命令的;紧急的emission n.(光、热等的)发射,散发;喷(光、热等的)发射,散发;
4、喷 射;射;发行发行landlocked adj.为陆地所包围的为陆地所包围的unremitting adj.不懈的;不间断的;坚忍的不懈的;不间断的;坚忍的provision n.供应品;准备;条款;规定供应品;准备;条款;规定 vt.供给供给食物及必需品食物及必需品protocol n.协议;草案协议;草案target n.目标;靶子目标;靶子 vt.把把作为目标;规定作为目标;规定的指标;的指标;瞄准某瞄准某 物物New Wordsgreenhouse gas n.二氧化碳、甲烷等导致温室二氧化碳、甲烷等导致温室 效应的气体效应的气体immune adj.免疫的;免于免疫的;免于的,免除
5、的的,免除的counter v.反对;反击反对;反击adequate adj.适当的;胜任的;充足的适当的;胜任的;充足的humanity n.人类;人道;仁慈;人文学科人类;人道;仁慈;人文学科Notes1.per capita按人头,每人按人头,每人Per capita is a term adapted from the Latin phrase pro capita meaning per(each)head with pro meaning per or for each,and capita(caput ablative)meaning head.Both words togeth
6、er equate to the phrase for each head,i.e.per individual or per person.The term is used in a wide variety of social sciences and statistical research contexts,including government statistics,economic indicators,and built environment studies.It is commonly and usually used in the field of statistics
7、in place of saying for each person or per person.It is also used in wills to indicate that each of the named beneficiaries should receive,by devise or bequest,equal shares of the estate.This is in contrast to a per stirpes division,in which each branch of the inheriting family inherits an equal shar
8、e of the estateNotes2.greenhouse gas emissions温室气体排放温室气体排放It refers to recent year-to-year increase of atmospheric CO2.The two primary sources of CO2 emissions are from burning coal used for electricity generation and petroleum used for motor transport.Measurements from Antarctic ice cores show that
9、 before industrial emissions started atmospheric CO2 mole fractions were about 280 parts per million(ppm),and stayed between 260 and 280 during the preceding ten thousand years.Carbon dioxide mole fractions in the atmosphere have gone up by approximately 35 percent since the 1900s,rising from 280 pa
10、rts per million by volume to 387 parts per million in 2009.One study using evidence from stomata of fossilized leaves suggests greater variability,with carbon dioxide mole fractions above 300 ppm during the period seven to ten thousand years ago,though others have argued that these findings more lik
11、ely reflect calibration or contamination problems rather than actual CO2 variability.Because of the way air is trapped in ice(pores in the ice close off slowly to form bubbles deep within the firm)and the time period represented in each ice sample analyzed,these figures represent averages of atmosph
12、eric concentrations of up to a few centuries rather than annual or decadal levels.NotesSince the beginning of the Industrial Revolution,the concentrations of most of the greenhouse gases have increased.For example,the mole fraction of carbon dioxide has increased by about 36%to 380 ppm,or 100 ppm ov
13、er modern pre-industrial levels.The first 50 ppm increase took place in about 200 years,from the start of the Industrial Revolution to around 1973;however the next 50 ppm increase took place in about 33 years,from 1973 to 2006.Recent data also shows that the concentration is increasing at a higher r
14、ate.In the 1960s,the average annual increase was only 37%of what it was in 2000 through 2007.ExercisesComprehensionoftheTextI.Answer the following questions according to the text.1.Can you generally define climate change?And what is it directly or indirectly attributed to?2.What is international div
15、ision of labour?And with the occurrence of the international division of labour,is the process of production still confined to national economies?3.What is the top priority for developing countries now?4.What do you think both developed countries and developing countries should do in countering clim
16、ate change?5.How much do you know about“The Kyoto Protocol”?ExercisesLanguageSkillsII.Word Study I.Match words from the two columns below to form compound adjectives.e.g.fast growing A B1.time-a.boiled2.world-b.national3.multi-c.term4.far-d.sleeved5.short-e.consuming6.high-f.fetching7.long-g.minded8
17、.self-h.heeled9.hard-i.class10.narrow-j.employedExercises2.Fill in the blanks in the passage with the words or expressions given below.increasing opt pay available shift 1.The higher requirements of product and service are making it _ important to set up operations in the outlet markets.2.When a for
18、eign company was taken over,much more attention was therefore _ to compatibility with existing corporate activities.3.The _ of an adequate pool of well-trained staff and an effective communication and computer infrastructure has become more important.4.Companies lacking the resources to take over a
19、foreign company but willing to cooperate with them are _ opting for strategic alliances.5.Apart from these investments in production resources and/or companies,companies that lack the financial or do not wish to accept the associated risks are increasingly _ to introduce other resources.6.A_ismadein
20、return.7.Lowwagesforuntrainedlaborandthe_ofrawmaterialshavebecomeeverlessimportantasaresultofthedevelopmentoftechnologies.8.The_inthecountriesandsectorsinwhichforeigndirectinvestmentsaremadeareconnectedwiththechangesinthemotivesbehindforeigndirectinvestments.9.Inshort,themotivesforforeigndirectinves
21、tmenthave_frommakinguseofcheaplocallaborandlocalrawmaterials,tokeepingabreastofthetechnologyraceandnewtrendsinproductionandmarketing.ExercisesExercises3.Choose the right answers to fill in the blanks.The causes of foreign investment are quite different for subsidiaries supplying raw materials needed
22、 by their parents.The explanation of these investments at first seems obvious:How can a rubber company produce tires without _ 1_ rubber?The more interesting question,_ 2_ ,is why the raw material source is developed by a subsidiary of the company that will process it rather than by independent firm
23、s in the country where the raw material is found.The gain from this _3 _ direct investment seems to be the _4 _ of risk.Few companies in the world refine and fabricate copper.Important deposits of copper ore occur _ 5 _ only a few locations.If independent firms produced and refined the ore,_ 6_ woul
24、d be forced to commit funds _7_ the construction of large fixed facilities without any guarantee regarding the bargain they could strike with the other party.What could the ore producer do if its smelter customer _ 8 _ threatened to drop its business?What could the smelter do without an ore supply?“
25、Vertical integration”in any industry reduces uncertainty._ 9_ the firms extracting raw materials must be located where the resources are,and the firms processing and selling them where the markets are,foreign investment must be _ 10 _.Exercises1.A.crude B.raw C.finished D.synthetic2.A.therefore B.th
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