英美文化概况教案资料.ppt
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1、英美文化概况 Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries Political Parties ConstitutionGovernment Election The CommonwealthIIIIIIIVVCONTENT ConstitutionIvGreat Britain(UK)is a parliamentar
2、y democracy with a constitutional monarch as the head of state vBritish Constitution is made up of:Statutory Law(成文法成文法)Common Law(判例法判例法)Conventions(习惯法习惯法)Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking
3、CountriesCountries v1.1 Statutory Law passed by Parliamentexample the Magna Carta(1215)which protects the rights of the community against the Crown the Bill of Rights(1689)which extends the powers of Parliament the Reform Act(1832)which reforms the parliamentary electoral system the European Communi
4、ties Act(1972)the European Communities(Amendment)Act (1986)which defines the relationship between Britain and the European Community(欧共体).Constitution Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking Countr
5、iesCountries v1.2 Common law(判例法)deduced from custom or legal precedents and interpreted in court cases by judgesv1.3 Conventions(习惯法)(习惯法)rules and practices which do not exist legally,but are regarded as vital to the working of government.(for example:The monarch reigns but does not rule.)1.Consti
6、tutionGovernmentII 2.1 The Legislature 2.2 The Executive 2.3 The Judiciary Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries 2.1 The LegislatureBasic Structure of UK Central GovernmentMona
7、rch(non-political)LegislatureParliamentExecutive Judiciary(non-political)House of Commons(political)House of Lords(semi-political)Prime Minister&Cabinet(political)Ministers&Civil service(non-political)House of LordsCourt of Appeal Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching
8、 and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries 2.1.1 Parliament vParliamentthe law-making body of Britain one of the oldest representative assemblies in the world(in the mid-13th century)Strictly speaking,the parliament consists of the King or Queen,the
9、House of Lords(上议院),the House of Commons(下议院)Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries vQueen Elizabeth IIBorn:April 21,1926Queen since June 2,1953 vQueen Elizabeth II is a“constit
10、utional monarch”Although she is officially the head of state,the country is actually run by the government and led by the Prime Minister.2.1.2 Queen Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking Countrie
11、sCountries Buckingham Palace 2.1.2 QueenQueen Elizabeth II2.1.2 Queen Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries She reigns but does not rule!Theoretically,she is the source of all
12、government powers:an integral part of the legislaturehead of the executive,executive and judiciary branchesthe commander-in-chief of all armed forces of the Crown“supreme governor”of the Church of England More Q.What powers does the Queen have?Q.What powers does the Queen have?2.1.2 Queen Foreign La
13、nguage Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries In reality,her role is“ceremonial,unpolitical and symbolic”:vState opening of the Parliament(国会开议大典)vRoyal assent to new lawvMeeting with the Prime
14、Minister at Buckingham PalacevPay state visits to Commonwealth countries as head of state and non-Commonwealth countries on behalf of the British government2.1.2 QueenFrom Buckingham to Westminster The State Opening of Parliament Wednesday November 26,20032.1.2 Queen2.1.3 The House of Lords voften r
15、eferred to as“the Upper House”vThe Lords Spiritual(上议院神职议员上议院神职议员)(archbishops and prominent bishops of the Church of England)The House of Lords in the early 19th centuryvThe Lords Temporal(上议院世俗议员上议院世俗议员)(hereditary peers and life peers and the Law Lords)上议院高级法官)上议院高级法官)vThe Upper House ReformsRedu
16、ce the number of seats from 705 to 666 (Mar.1,2004)Final court of appealSupreme CourtThe House of Lords meets in a lavishly decorated chamber in the Palace of Westminster(also called Red Chamber)2.1.3 The House of Lords 2.1.4 The House of Commons vOften referred to as“the Lower House”(center of parl
17、iamentary power)vThree major functionsto pass laws,bills and acts of Parliamentto scrutinize,criticize and restrain the actions of the government to influence the future government policy v646 Members of Parliament,known as“MPs”for short,who represent the 646 geographical areas/constituencies2.1.4 T
18、he House of Commons Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries 2.2.1 The Prime Ministerpowerful leadervhead of the governmentvthe leader of the majority party in Parliamentvcontrols
19、 the Parliament2.2.2 The Cabinetvsupreme decision-making body in the British government vCabinet members are chosen by the Prime Minister from members of his own party in Parliament.2.2 The Executive Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA
20、Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries vThe Cabinet works on the principle of collective responsibility and individual ministerial responsibility vMinisters responsible for their particular department(most senior members are the Deputy Prime Minister,Foreign Secretary,Chancell
21、or of the Exchequer and Home Secretary)vCollective responsibility or resignation2.2 The Executive Foreign Language Teaching and Research PressForeign Language Teaching and Research PressA Guide toA Guide to English-Speaking English-Speaking CountriesCountries Civil Servantsv Members of the Civil Ser
22、vice are called Civil Servants.They staff government departments.Civil Servants are recruited mainly by competitive examination.Civil servants do not belong to any political party.Changes of Government do not involve changes in departmental staff,There are about 541,800 civil servants in Britain now
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