英语语法详解主谓一致语法精选课件.ppt
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1、关于英语语法详解主谓一致语法第一页,本课件共有18页语法一致原则语法一致原则语法一致原则就是根据主语的语法形式决定其谓语动词的语法形式。主语是单数,谓语动词就用单数形式;主语是复数,谓语动词就用复数形式。例如:A letter has been sent to every student.Two letters have been sent to every student.第二页,本课件共有18页意义一致原则意义一致原则意义一致原则指主谓之间的一致关系不是由主语的语法形式来决定,而是由主语所表达的意义来决定。形式是单数的主语,其谓语可能是复数形式;反之,形式是复数的主语,其谓语有可能是单数(
2、详见后文所述)。例如:The class are doing experiment on heat and light.The team are playing magnificently.The United States is a country advanced in science and technology.Ten dollars is all I have left.Two thirds of the area is under water.同一单词作主语,根据其表达意义的不同,有时用单数动词,有时却要用复数动词。例如:The family is the basic unit o
3、f the society.The family have agreed among themselves to spend their vacation in Italy.第三页,本课件共有18页就近原则就近原则就近原则是指谓语动词与它最近的名词、代词或其他词在人称或数上保持一致。常见于eitheror;neithernor;there be;not onlybut also等.例如:Either you or he was wrong.There is a pen,a few envelopes and some paper in the drawer.Not only his child
4、ren but he himself is hoping to be there.第四页,本课件共有18页上述三条原则的具体应用比较复杂,以下几点需要特别注意。我们分三大类情况来看:(一)谓语动词用单数的情况谓语动词用单数的情况1 one,every,each,everyone,everybody,no,no one,one of,many a,more than one,either,neither,nobody,anyone,somebody,someone等作主语或主语修饰语时,谓语动词用单数。例如:Every/Each boy and girl is treated in the sa
5、me way.Every/Each man and every/each woman has good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.第五页,本课件共有18页2 a kind of,a sort of,a portion of,a section of,a series of,a piece of,a pair of,a couple of 等修饰主语时,谓语动词一般根据语法一致原则一般用单数。例如:A pair of scissors is what he needs now.Two pairs of scissor
6、s are what he needs now.A series of lectures on engineering is scheduled.There is a couple of vacant rooms behind the office.第六页,本课件共有18页3 表示国家、单位、书报等名称或表示时间、距离、体积、度量衡(将它视为一整体)等的名词或短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数。例如:The Netherlands is famous for its tulips.One hundred miles is too far to travel on foot.Ten pounds wa
7、s missing from the bill.The Thirty-Nine Steps is an interesting novel.第七页,本课件共有18页4 不定式、动名词短语或名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词也要用单数。例如:To master at least a foreign language is very necessary in the present conditions.Forgetting the past means nothing but betrayal.When they will start on their journey hasnt been decid
8、ed第八页,本课件共有18页5 单数词作主语,虽然后接由as well as,along with,like,rather than,together with,besides,including,in addition to,accompanied by等词连接其他的词,谓语动词仍然用单数。例如:Gold,as well as silver,has recently risen in price.The factory,with all its equipment,has been burned.John together with his brothers has gone to the
9、party.第九页,本课件共有18页6 以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语的主谓一致问题某些以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语时,如physics,mathematics,mechanics,optics,acoustics,politics statistics,economics,linguistics,athletics等,谓语动词通常用作单数。例如:Acoustics studies the science of sound.Athletics is a required course for students of all grades.但如果这类名词表示学科以外的其它含义,可作复数用。例如
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