中考英语主谓一致全面总结38726.pdf
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1、.Grammar Subject-Verb Agreement(主谓一致)主谓一致指“人称和“数方面的一致关系。1.语法一致原则 如果主语是单数,谓语动词则用单数形式;如果主语是复数,谓语动词用复数形式。eg.Both parties _their own advantages.Her job _something to do with puters.2.意义一致原则 有时,主语和谓语动词的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义,而不是语法上的单、复数形式,这样的一致关系就是意义一致。His family _(be)a big family.His family _(be)listening to
2、music when he came back.The population in China _(be)very large,and eighty of the population in China _(be)farmers.3.就近原则 有时,谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语。e.g.Either my grandsons or their father_(be)ing.Neither Richard nor I _(be)going.(一)谓语动词常用复数的情况 The teachers are respected in the world.1主语为复数名词或代词 The p
3、olice are looking for the missing child.The cattle are kept in his farm.2)当 people,police,cattle 等集体名词作主语,形式上为单数而意义却是复数,谓语用复数。The Olympic Games are held once every four years.The Rocky mountains stand in the west of the north America.3山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等 s 结尾的复数名词作主语。The rich are not always happy.Generall
4、y speaking,the young are eager for success.4the+adj.表示一类人 或物做主语时 如 blind,deaf,living,dead,the+wounded,poor,rich old,young 等 但指个人或抽象概念时,谓语动词用单数形式。The unknown is always something to be feared.The beautiful is always loved by people.The Whites are going to make a trip to London.The Greens were watching
5、 TV when a fire broke out.5)the+姓的复数形式表一家人 二谓语动词常用单数的情况 1可数名词的单数及不可数名词作主语时。.The advice is practical.2表示时间、距离、金钱、长度、重量等复数名词作主语,表达一个整体概念时。Twenty years is only a short time in human history.3)主语从句、动词不定式、动名词 形式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Looking after the children is my full time job.To die for the people is a worthy
6、death.When and where to hold the meeting is unknown.Whatever was left was taken away.4)以-S 结尾的单数名词,形式为复数而意义为单数。如表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作主语,(news,physics,maths,politics)谓语用单数。The United states is made up of 50 states.The Times is a newspaper for the British government Great E*pectations was written by Ch
7、arles Dickens in 1860.5)clothing,furniture,traffic,jewellery,baggage,equipment,luggage 等无生命的集合名词作主语。Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area.6 each neither +of+the+复数名词或代词 Either Each of us _ a dictionary.Either of the books on the table _to me.Neither of them _fit for the job.7)many a /each /e
8、very either/neither +单数名词 more than one Many a student _the film.Neither story _true.More than one student has seen the film.More students than one have seen the film.注意:当 each 放在主语后作同位语时,不决定谓语单复数。They each have a dictionary.=Each of them has a dictionary.8)every every each +名词单数and+each +名词单数作主语时 n
9、o no 谓语用单数 many a many a Every desk and every chair _ made of wood.Many a boy and many a girl _made the same mistake.9由 some,any,no,every+one/thing/body 所构成的复合不定代词做主语时,谓语用单数。Nobody _to go there.Something _been done to end the strike.(三)其它情况 1)用 and 或 bothand连接的两个名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。但是如果 and.连接的两个名词作主语,
10、指同一个人或事或整体概念,谓语动词用单数如果是可数名词的单数这时 and 后面的名词一般没有冠词。用 is/are 填空:English and Chinese quite different languages.Water and air both important.A young man and a girl to go there.The singer and the writer famous to many young people The manager and secretary as busy as a bee all day The singer and writer fa
11、mous to everyone.War and peace 战争与和平 a constant theme in history.A knife and fork 刀叉 needed for a western meal.Bread and butter(黄油面包)served for breakfast.Early to bed and early to rise _早睡早起 a good habit.常用的一些表示整体概念的词 iron and steel 钢铁 law and order 治安 a watch and chain 一块带链的表 A needle and thread 针线
12、 a coat and tie 配有领带的上衣 2)单、复数同形的名词作主语时,按意义一致的原则。作单数意义时,谓语动词用单数,反之谓语动词用复数。这类名词有:sheep,fish,deer,means(方法),species(种类),works(工厂),Chinese,Japanese 等。选择填空 has/have Every means _been tried out without much result.All means _ been tried out without much result.was/were This shoe works _ set up in 1980.Th
13、ose shoe works _all set up in 1980.3)表示成双成套的名词,如:chopsticks(筷子),passes,clothes,glasses,jeans,scissors,shoes,socks,trousers,gloves,shorts 等,作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式;Chopsticks mainly are used in China.但如与 a kind of,a pair of,the pair of,a series of 连用,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:This kind of books _useful.=Books of thi
14、s kind _useful.4)*些集体名词如 family,team 等作主语时,如果作为一个整体对待,谓语用单数形式;如果就其中一个个成员而言,谓语动词用复数。类似动词还有:class,club,pany,crowd,enemy,government,group,party,public,team 等。5)就近原则 以下连词连接两个主语时,及 there be 句型有多个并列主语,谓语应与最靠近的主语保持一致。.A or B either A or B neither A nor B 动词与靠近的主语一致 not only A but also B there be A,B and C
15、not A but B 1Either the girl or the boy _ in Canada.(is/are)2Neither he nor I _ the answer.(knows/know)3Not only I but also Jane and Mary _tired of having one e*amination after another.4)You,he or I right.5)_either he or you right“(be)(注意就近原则在疑问中的使用)6You or he _ to blame _ you or he to blame“Ais,Is
16、Bare,Are Cis,Are D are,Is 7)Either you or the headmaster _ the prize to those gifted students at the meeting.(NMET 1994)A.is handing out B.are to hand out C.are handing out D.is to hand out 6)就前原则 当主语后面跟有 as well as,as much as,no less than,along with,with,like,rather than,together with,but,e*cept,be
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