高考英语语法-主谓一致.ppt
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1、主谓一致一、主语是复数形式,谓语用单数形式1表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、数量的复数名词,通常看作整体,谓语用单数。这样考过(2007江西)A survey of the opinions of experts _that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _good for ones health.Ashow;are Bshows;isCshow;is Dshows;are解析:主句主语是 a survey,谓语动词应用单数形式;从句主语是 three hours of outdoor exercise a week 表示一个整体概念,因此谓语动词也
2、应用单数形式。答案:B2以s结尾的国名、地名、书报名、团体、学科等名词作主语,形式上是复数,谓语用单数。可能这样考Mathematics_the language of science.Aare Bare going to beCIs Dis to be解析:此处mathematics为学科名词,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。答案:C3表示两个相同部分连成一体的复数名词,如trousers,scissors,shoes,gloves,shorts,glasses等作主语时,前面若无a kind of/a pair of/a series of等单位词修饰时,谓语用复数,若带有单位词,谓语由单位
3、词的单复数决定。可能这样考The trousers_you well.But the colour_me.Afit;suit Bfit;doesnt suitCfits;doesnt suit Dfit;dont suit解析:trousers作主语,谓语动词用复数形式;而colour则为单数,故选B。答案:B二、主语是单数形式,谓语用复数形式1police,people,cattle,faculty,flock,machinery等作主语,谓语用复数。可能这样考Cattle_well in the country market at present,according to the even
4、ing news.Asell BsellsCis being sold Dwill be sold解析:有些集合名词作主语时,应以复数看待。这类名词有people,cattle,police等。答案:A2有些以sh,ese,ch结尾的表示国家、民族的形容词与the连用时,表示复数含义,谓语用复数。表示单数含义,谓语用单数。可能这样考Look!The German_coming this way.He is studying here.Aare BisChas Dhave解析:根据语境“这个德国人朝这边走来”选B。误选A是受习惯思维“theadj.指一类人,谓语动词用复数”的影响。答案:B3“t
5、he形容词/分词”如指一类人,其谓语用复数;如表示抽象概念或个人时,其谓语用单数。可能这样考When the injured_to the hospital,they came to_.Awas rushed;life Bwere rushed;lifeCrushed;lives Dwere rushed;lives解析:“the形容词”指代一类人,谓语动词用复数。come to life“苏醒”,为固定搭配。答案:B三、主语是单数形式,谓语视情况而定1主语是family,team,group,crowd,class,committee,population,crew,enemy,govern
6、ment等集合名词,如果作为一个整体看待,谓语用单数形式;如果指一个个成员或个体时,谓语就该用复数。这样考过(广东汕头)Recently,there _ a boom in population mobility,and according to the survey in 2008,17 percent of the population _ every year.Ais;moves Bhas been;movesCis;move Dhas been;move解析:population表示“部分人口”,强调具体成员时,谓语动词用复数。答案:D(浙江东阳中学)The crew _ made u
7、p of accomplished sailors and thus _ highly paid to do the work on the ship.Awere;were Bwas;wereCwere;was Dwas;was答案:B2主语是“a series of,a kind of等名词”结构时,谓语动词用单数。“kinds of等名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。注意:在“this kind of名词”之后,无论这里的名词是单数还是复数,谓语都用单数。这样考过(江西景德镇一中)So far a series of problems _ brought about by this deci
8、sion.Ahave BhasChas been Dhave been答案:C还可能这样考Many kinds of furniture_being transported from Beijing to Tianjin.Ais BareCHaving Dwas解析:many kinds of furniture的中心词为of结构前面的kinds,且此句宜用现在进行时的被动语态,故选B。答案:BMachines of the new type_made in Shanghai.Ais BareChas been Dhave been解析:本题应以of结构前面的词为主语,machines为复数形
9、式,而且本句用一般现在时为最佳时态,故选B。答案:B3不定代词all,some,any以及the rest等作主语,谓语的单复数应根据上下文或具体场合确定。可能这样考“All_present and all_going on well”,our monitor said.Ais;is Bare;are Care;is Dis;are解析:题意为:“所有人出席,一切顺利”,我们班长说。all表示人,其谓语用复数;all表示事物,谓语用单数。答案:CHalf of us were out to look for him,and the rest_staying at home waiting fo
10、r his call.Awas Bis Cwere Dare解析:the rest 做主语若指代的是可数名词,谓语动词用复数,若指代的是不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。答案:C4what引导的主语从句作主语时,谓语的单复数取决于表语的单复数。这样考过(2008宁夏一中)What the remote areas need _ education to children and what the children need _ good textbooks at the moment.Ais;are Bare;isCwas;were Dwere;was解析:以what引导的主语从句谓语动词通常用单数
11、,如果其后的表语是复数也可以用复数;如果what从句是带有复数意义的并列结构,主句的谓语动词用复数。答案:A5定语从句的谓语的单复数应取决于先行词。注意:在“one of名词复数”后面定语从句谓语动词用复数,但如果“one of名词复数”之前有the only,the very,the last修饰时,定语从句的谓语动词用单数。这样考过(陕西西安铁一中)Jack,as well as his friends who _ football games,_ traveled with the team.Alikes;has Blikes;haveClike;has Dlike;have答案:C(2
12、007合肥)Many standardized tests in our life turned out to be simple,_beyond expectations.Awhich was Bthey areCwhich were Dit is解析:考查定语从句和主谓一致。这里用 which 引导非限制性定语从句,连词指代主句内容,表示单数含义,因此选A。答案:A四、并列主语,谓语动词的单复数视情况而定1and或bothand连接两主语时,谓语常用复数。注意:(1)如果and连接的两个名词指同一个人或表示同一概念时,谓语用单数。这样考过(2006江苏)A poet and artist_
13、coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.Ais Bare Cwas Dwere解析:句意:明天下午一个诗人也是艺术家要来给我们做一次关于中国文学和绘画方面的讲座。由时间状语tomorrow afternoon一词可知C、D项时态不对,a poet and artist代表一个人,而a poet and an artist代表两个人,故不选B项。答案:A(2)one and a half修饰名词复数作主语,谓语用单数,主语是“one or two复数名词”,其谓语用复数形式。可能
14、这样考One and a half bananas_left on the table.Ais Bare Chas Dhave解析:题意为:桌上剩下一个半香蕉。one and a half后虽然跟复数名词,但整个短语作主语时,谓语用单数形式。答案:A(3)当and连接的并列单数主语前分别有each,every,more than one,many a,no修饰时,谓语用单数。这样考过(龙岩质检)Hi,what did our monitor say just now?Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who are to visit Wa
15、ter Cube _ asked to be at the school gate before 630 in the morning.Ais BwereCare Dwas解析:当主语由as well as连接时谓语部分看as well as前面的部分,因此主语是every boy and every girl,而every.and every.结构作主语时,谓语动词用单数;而根据are to visit the Water Cube知时态用一般现在时,故选A。答案:A2由or,eitheror,neithernor,notbut,not onlybut also等连接的并列主语,谓语动词单复
16、数与最邻近的主语一致:Either you or he is to blame.这样考过(2008贵州遵义联考)Not only I but also other workers _willing to have a rest after a weeks work.Ais BareCam Dbe解析:not only.but also.连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词就近一致。答案:B(2007常州)Neither Liu Xiang nor his parents and coach_he can become such a world famous athlete.A.have expect
17、ed B.are expectedC.has expected D.is expected解析:neither.nor.并列两个连词或代词作主语时,谓语动词的形式用就近原则判断。根据his parents and coach表复数意义,排除C、D两项;根据句意“刘翔的父母与教练都没有料想到他会成为世界著名的运动员”可排除表被动关系的B项。答案:A(2008沈阳二中高三模拟)Either you or the headmaster _ the prize to these gifted students at the meeting.Ais handing out Bare to hand ou
18、tCare handing out Dis to hand out解析:当either.or./neither.nor./not only.but also.连接两个主语时,谓语动词遵循就近一致原则。答案:D五、主谓一致的其他情况1“分数/百分数of名词”构成短语,或“some/a lot of/lots of/a(large)quantity of/the rest of/plenty of”构成短语时,其名词可以是可数名词或不可数名词。这些短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词保持数的一致,这是因为短语中of后面的名词是中心词,而名词前面的量词是修饰语。这样考过(江西抚州一中)L
19、arge amounts of water _ been pumped from the mine where an explosion happened yesterday.Ahad Bwould haveChas Dhave答案:D(2006浙江)The company had about 20 notebook computers but only onethird _used regularly.Now we have 60 working all day long.Ais BareCwas Dwere解析:本题考查动词时态和主谓一致。分数of名词,其谓语动词要和of后面的名词的数保持
20、一致,此句中的分数onethird省略后面的of the 20 notebook computers,故应选D项。时态应与but前的句子时态一致,因为他们是并列句。答案:D(湖南湘潭模拟)Mr.Smith,I cant go on with my reading.Ive already told you the last three parts of the article _ the most difficult to understand.Ais BareChad been Dwere答案:B2“a number of名词复数”作主语,谓语用复数;“the number of名词复数”作主
21、语,谓语用单数。这样考过(2006南通)The number of people hurt in the traffic accident_to 95,the news agency reports.A.has increased B.have increasedC.has been increased D.have been increased解析:主语是数量(the number),故谓语动词用单数形式,increase表示“数量的增大”时,用主动语态。答案:A(广东深圳中学)_ children whose parents had died in the earthquake _ sen
22、t to live with families in other cities.AA great number of;wasBA great number of;wereCThe great number of;wasDThe great number of;were答案:B3主语后跟with,together with,along with,but,except,besides,as well as,rather than,including,no less than,as much as等短语,谓语应与前面的主语保持一致。这样考过(吉安期末)Dr.Johnson,together with
23、 his assistants,is coming to visit our school.Oh,_?Aare they Bis he Cdoes he Ddo they解析:考查主谓一致。若句中含有together with,together,as well as时,其句中谓语动词的选择要视其前的主语而定。据此原则,句子的主语应为Dr.Johnson。故选B。答案:B(辽宁重点模拟)John as well as the other children who _ no parents _ good care of in the center.Ahave;is being taken Bhav
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