初中英语语法——三大从句汇总(重点笔记).docx
![资源得分’ title=](/images/score_1.gif)
![资源得分’ title=](/images/score_1.gif)
![资源得分’ title=](/images/score_1.gif)
![资源得分’ title=](/images/score_1.gif)
![资源得分’ title=](/images/score_05.gif)
《初中英语语法——三大从句汇总(重点笔记).docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《初中英语语法——三大从句汇总(重点笔记).docx(27页珍藏版)》请在得力文库 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。
1、初中英语语法三大从句汇总A、定语从句专项讲解与训练一、定语从句概念定语从句(attributive clause),顾名思义,就是一个句子作定语 从属于主句。定语一般是由形容词充当,所以定语从句又称作形容词从 句。另外,定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的,故又称作关系从 句。定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后,这种名词或代词被称 作先行词。请看示例:The woman who lives next door is a teacher.先行词定语从句在所有的从句中,算定语从句最难掌握,因为汉语里没有定语从句, 汉语里只有定语,而且总是放在名词之前来修饰名词。二、关系代词引导的定语从句关系
2、代词代替前面的先行词,并且在定语从句中充当句子成分,可以 作主语、宾语、定语等。常见的关系代词有:who, that, whicho它们 的主格、宾格和所有格如下表所示: 先行词主格宾格所有格人 who whom whose物 which which whose of which宾语从句是英语复合句中的其中非常重要的从句之一。它是用一个 句子做另一个句子的宾语,将这个句子叫做宾语从句。宾语从句做介词 或及物动词的宾语。现在从下列三个方面总结归纳如下:一,引导词A:由that引导的陈述句性的宾语从句,在很多动词如say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agr
3、ee, expect, hear , feel 等动词后。连词 that 只起 连接作用,在从句中不做句子的成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省 略,但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好,特别是在笔语中。例:I told him that he was wrong.1在think,believe, suppose, expect等动词引起的宾语从句中,有时 谓语尽管是否定意义,却不用否定形式,而将think等动词变为否定形 式。例:I dont think you are right.(我认为你做的不对)1在许多带有复合宾语的句子中,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句 子的后面,而用it做形式宾语。例:
4、We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone (我认为他向每一 个人撒谎是错误的)B:由连词if、whether引导的表示”是否.”的宾语从句。Whether,if 在从句中不做句子的成分,一般情况下,whether和if可以替换。例:I dont know if/whether he will come tomorrow.The teacher asked ifYwhether we had finished the experiment.1在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导例: Everything depends on whether
5、we have enough money。1宾语从句中有or not时不用if引导.例:I dont know whether the movie star will come or not.1和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导.例: Whether to go there or not hasnt been decided.C:由wh-引导的宾语从句。连接代词who,whom,whose, what, which, 和连接副词when, where, why, how等连接的宾语从句,它们在句中即有 连接从句的作用,又在句中充当句子的成分。例:Do you know which film th
6、ey are talking about? (which 做定语)I dont know where he lives, (where 做地点状语)二:宾语从句的语序,宾语从句从句的语序必须是陈述语序,既连接词+主语+谓语+其他 成分例:I believe that they will come soon.He asked me whether I was a teacher.They wanted to know what they can do for us.三:宾语从句的时态。宾语从句的时态受主句的限制,既:主句是一般现在时态,从句根据实际情况而定。主句是一般过去时态,从句用相应的过去的
7、时态。如果从句的动 作发生在主句之前,则从句要用过去完成时态。例: l)She says that she is a student.She said that she was a student.2)She says that she will fly to Japan in a week.She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.3)She says that she has finished her homework already.She said that she had finished her homework already.
8、4)She says that she can sing a song in English.She said that she could sing a song in English.1如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时,这时宾语从 句要用一般现在时态。例:The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.He told me that Japan is an island country.ICould you tell me.是用来征询对方的意见,语气委婉,并不表示 过去。例:Could you tell me when we
9、 will visit the Histury Museum?注意事项:u由陈述句变成宾语从句时,要注意人称的变化。例:She said: I have been to England befbre.”She said that she had been to England before.She asked me: Do you like maths?”She asked me if I liked maths.u宾语从句与简单句的交换。由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句,如果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人时,可以用“疑问词+不定式”做宾语的简单句结构。彳列:I dont know w
10、hat I should do next.I cont know what to do next.He didnt know where he would live.He didnt know where to live.DO SOME EXERCISES:l.Can you see?A. what hes reading B. what is he readingC. what does he read D. he reads what2 .Does Jack come from Japan? Do you know?(合并成一个句子)Do you know Jack from Japan?
11、3 ._What did your son say in the letter?_He told me that he the Disney would the next dayA.will visit B. has visitedC. is going to visit D. would visit.He didnt knowA.whats the matter B.what the matter isC. what was the matter D. what the matter was4 .Somebody called you just now5but I didnt knowA.w
12、ho were they B. who they wereC. who was it D. who it was.1 want to knowA.what is his name B. whats his nameC. that his name is D. what his name is7 .-Could you tell me she is looking for?-Her cousin,susan.A.that B.whose C .who D.which.-What are you searching the Internet for?-Im trying to find out.A
13、.What is the difference between SARS and BIRDFLUB.How many persons have died in IraqC.How to protect our environmentD.Why is our Chinese team be able to beat Korea8 .Do you know?(谁正在唱歌).Do you know?(她正在和谁谈话)9 .Do you know?(昨天发生了什么事) The keys: 1 A.2 if,comes.3D. 4 C. 5 D. 6 D. 7 C. 8 B 9 who is singi
14、ng10 who she is talking with11 what happened yesterdayC、同位语从句(一)概念一般来说,在主从复合句中,用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它通 常跟在某些名词之后,用以说明或解释该名词表示的具体内容。可以跟 同位语从句的名词通常有:advice, decision, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, promise, proposal, reply, report, suggestion, word (消息), problem, question, doubt, thought 等。 例
15、如:They were delighted at the news that their team had won.当听到他们队获胜的消息时,他们欣喜若狂。Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你从哪儿听说我不 能来?有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在被说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开。 如:The thought came to him that Tom might have returned the book.他突然想起汤姆可能已经还了书了。(二)引导词寻规找矩请仔细观察下列句子,注意从句引导词的用法。1. The news that Mr
16、. Li will be our new English teacher is true.2. He hasnt made the decision whether he will go there.3. The question who should do the work is being discussed at the meeting.3.1 have no idea what the boy is doing in the next room now.5. We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend o
17、ur summer vacation this year.6.1 have no idea how I can get to the railway station.7.1 have no idea when he will be back.小结归纳that引导同位语从句时无词义,也不充当任何成分,但通常不可以省 略,如句1;whether引导同位语从句时意为“是否”,通常不能用if来代替,如句 2;连接代词who, what等可以引导同位语从句,如句3, 4; 连接副词where, how, when等可以引导同位语从句,如句5, 6, 7。(三)that引导的同位语从句和定语从句 意义不同
18、:同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容;而定语从 句用来修饰、限定前面的先行词。试比较:1. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.2. The news that you told us is really encouraging.分析句1中that引导同位语从句,说明“news”的内容:我们队取得了 决赛胜利。句2中that引导定语从句,对“news”加以限定:是你告诉我们的, 而非来自其他渠道。that的功能不同:that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词,不充当任何 成分;而引导定语从句时,不仅起连接作用
19、,而且还指代先行词并在从 句中充当主语、宾语等成分。试比较:1. Dad made a promise that he would buy me a CD player if I passed the English test.2. Dad made a promise that excited all his children.分析句1中that引导同位语从句,其中that无词义,也不充当任何 成分;句2中that引导定语从句,that指代promise,又在从句中充当主 语,且that可以用which替换。可否省略:that在引导同位语从句时,通常不可省略。在引导定语从 句时,若在从句中作
20、宾语,通常可以省略,若作主语则不可以省略。即学即用.请用适当的词填空,使下列句子意思完整。1. They expressed the hope they would come over to China soon.2. The fact he didnt see Tom this morning is true.3. Word has come some American guests will come to our collegefor a visit next week.4. He cant answer the question he got the money from his ho
21、meyesterday.5. Do you have any idea is actually going on in the classroom?6. The problem we should have the meeting in the hall now mustbe decided at once.IL下列各句中均有一处错误,请改正。1. Our team has won the game, that made us very happy.2. Ive come with a message from Mr Wang how he wont be able to see you th
22、is afternoon.3. He must answer the question if he agrees with what she said or not.4. Ive read the book where you gave me the day before yesterday.5. One of the men held the pinion when what the book said was right.III.把下列句子翻译成英语。1 .我向他许诺说我一到北京就给他写信。2 .他经常问我这个问题,那就是这个工作是否值得做。3 .他什么也不说,这一事实使大家都感到惊奇。4
23、 .在我看来,他刚才告诉我的这个消息是真实的。5 .他突然想起他本来应该去接儿子的。Key:L 1. that 2. that 3. that 4. how 5. what. whetherII. 1 that一which 2. how一that 3. ifwhether4. wherethat / which 或省略 where5 when一that 6. that一howIII. 1.1 made a promise that I would write to him as soon as I got to Beijing.2. He often asked me the question
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 初中英语 语法 从句 汇总 重点 笔记
![提示](https://www.deliwenku.com/images/bang_tan.gif)
限制150内