钻井泵基础知识.pptx
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1、一、钻井泵的结构和特点 二、钻井泵工作原理 三、钻井泵的使用 四、钻井泵的日常维护和检查 五、钻井泵常见故障判断及排除方法六、钻井泵易损件及其更换方法 第1页/共49页一、钻井泵的结构和特点一、钻井泵的结构和特点 第2页/共49页钻井泵基本组成钻井泵基本组成第3页/共49页钻井泵的结构图钻井泵的结构图第4页/共49页小齿轮轴总成小齿轮轴总成第5页/共49页曲轴总成曲轴总成第6页/共49页十字头总成十字头总成第7页/共49页液力端总成液力端总成第8页/共49页排出管路总成排出管路总成第9页/共49页排出空气包总成排出空气包总成第10页/共49页钻井泵主要特点钻井泵主要特点 动力端 机架采用钢板焊
2、接件,强度高,刚性好,重量轻。整体人字齿轮传动,运转平稳.合金钢曲轴。可更换的十字头导板。采用滚子轴承,提高了运转时的平稳性和承载能力。中间拉杆盘根采用先进密封结构,密封效果好。动力端齿轮、轴承、十字头等部位采用强制润滑和飞溅润滑相结合的润滑方式。应用施必牢防松螺母,拆装方便。液力端 液缸采用直通式布置,可使液流平稳、结构紧凑、容积效率高。三个液缸具有互换性。缸盖和阀盖能快速旋紧,装拆方便。吸入阀和排出阀能通用互换。采用敞开式的活塞与缸套内腔结构,便于观察。第11页/共49页二、钻井泵的工作原理二、钻井泵的工作原理动力机万向轴、皮带等小齿轮轴曲轴十字头总成连 杆液力端总成机械能液体能转动往复运
3、动第12页/共49页钻井泵的工作过程第13页/共49页钻井泵的基本性能参数钻井泵的基本性能参数 泵的理论排量:泵在单位时间内排出的介质体积称为泵的理论平均排量,简称为泵的理论排量,以Q表示。泵的工作压力:通常是指泵排出口处单位面积上所受到的液体作用力,简称为泵压,以p表示。泵的额定功率和效率:单位时间内动力机传递给泵主动轴的能量,称为泵的输入功率;泵工作于额定冲次时的输入功率称为泵的额定功率,以N表示;单位时间内液体经泵作用后增加的能量称有效功率,也称水功率,以Nr表示;泵的效率是有效功率与输入功率的比值。冲次:也称泵冲,指单位时间内活塞的往复次数,以n表示。冲程长度:指活塞往复运动的距离,以
4、S表示。第14页/共49页三、钻井泵的使用三、钻井泵的使用 钻井泵作为钻井作业的重要装备,在工作时向井底输送循环高压钻井液,冲洗井底、破碎岩石、冷却润滑钻头,并将岩屑携带返回地面。钻井泵使用我们从下面三方面讲:1、钻井泵的安装2、钻井泵的启动3、泵在运转中的监视第15页/共49页钻井泵的安装钻井泵的安装(一)钻井泵的安装1、钻井泵应安装在水平或略向液力端倾斜的底座上(倾斜度3),以利于润滑油的流动。2、泵的安装位置应尽量降低,泥浆池的位置应尽量提高,以提高钻井泵的吸入效率。3、吸入管线布置时应使灌注泵旁通联接,以便于当灌注泵有故障或进行维修时,钻井泵可以继续工作。第16页/共49页皮带轮左右偏
5、差和斜差不大于2mm一根皮带中间挂15kg重物下垂50-60mm左右不平度每米不大于2mm前后不平度每米不大于3mm第17页/共49页3、泵的吸入管入口端应高于泥浆池底约300mm,而且吸入管内径必须一致,吸入管的入口端不能正对泥浆池的入口(对泥浆罐也是如此)。4、剪销安全阀必须安装成可直接与泥浆接触,并且将安全阀排出端用无缝钢管直接引到泥浆罐,这条管线应尽可能少一些转折。若转弯应使弯头大于120,不允许把安全阀的排出管线接到泵的吸入管上,在排出管路与安全阀之间不许安装任何型式的闸门。第18页/共49页剪销安全阀的阀体上标有每级工作压力的标记,调节压力时,只需按所给压力把剪切销插入相应的孔内。
6、注意:剪销板孔内只能插一个剪切销。若缸套活塞尺寸变更,则须相应地调定安全阀压力。不要使用内六角扳手、电焊条或其它材料,若这样作将会影响安全阀的压力值,并可能导致事故的发生。There is marked the working pressure of each grade on the body of shear safety valve.When adjusting the pressure,just insert the shear pin to corresponding hole according to the required pressure.Note:each time you
7、 can only insert one shear pin in hole plate.If the cylinder liner and piston are changed,the pressure of safety valve also should be adjusted accordingly.But do not use Allen key(hexagon ring spanner),welding rod and some other things as shear pin,because it will influence the pressure of safety va
8、lve,even lead to an accident.牢固的支撑所有吸入和排出管线,不使它们受到不必要的应力,同时也是为了减少振动,决不可由于没有足够的支撑而让管线悬挂在泵上。Firmly support all the suction and discharge pipelines to make sure that they do not suffer the unnecessary stress,at the same time,to decreases vibration.It is not allowed to make pipelines suspend on pump wit
9、hout enough supports.第19页/共49页泵的启动泵的启动start of pump 第20页/共49页启动前的准备工作启动前的准备工作preparation before start启动前的准备工作Preparation before start检查动力端机架底部,放空润滑油并清洗油池。然后对照泵机架铭牌上对润滑油的要求,将一定牌号和数量的润滑油加入动力端。Check the bottom of power end;empty the lubrication and clean the oil sump.Then according to the lubrication r
10、equirement marked in the nameplate on pump frame,fill the power end with adequate lubrication.检查十字头与上导板的间隙是否符合要求。Check the clearance between the crosshead and upper guide to make sure that it is proper.检查喷淋泵水箱内冷却润滑液是否达到要求。Check the cooling lubricant in the water tank of spray pump to make sure that
11、it is proper检查所有螺纹联接是否紧固以及泵内是否有杂物。Check all the thread connections to make sure they are tightened and check for any sundries in the pump.第21页/共49页检查泥浆管线上的所有阀门是否置于正确位置。Check all valves on mud line to make sure they are on proper status.检查排出空气包充气压力是否达到40.5MPa的规定值。Check the pulse dampener to make sure
12、 its charge pressure gets to 40.5MPa.打开喷淋泵系统和灌注系统的进排液阀门。Open the inlet and outlet valves of spray pump and charge pump.检查剪销安全阀和压力表是否齐全灵敏。安全阀的压力设置是否符合要求。Check the shear safety valve and the pressure gauge to make sure they are ready and sensitive,check whether the safety valves pressure setting is co
13、rrect or not.向吸入管路腔内灌满水或泥浆,排净空气。Fill the chamber of suction lines with water or mud to discharge all air.第22页/共49页启动启动start应以低速起动,逐渐增速,以提高容积效率。Start with low speed and speed up gradually to improve the volumetric efficiency.如果需要高泵速时,就必须使用灌注泵。If high pump speed is needed,the charge pump must be used.
14、检查动力端润滑油压表读数是否正常。Check the reading of lubrication pressure gauge at power end to see whether it is proper or not.注意检查各部温度,不得有局部过热现象。Check the temperature of each part.There are should no local overheating.启动泵必须与有关操作及检查人员取得联系。When start the pump,you shall contact with related operator and inspector.开
15、泵时检查人员必须注视压力表的压力,泥浆未返回地面前不允许离开气开关。When start the mud pump,the operator should notice the pressure showed on the pressure gauge.If the mud does not return to the ground,the operator should not leave the control panel(air switch of clutch).挂泵离合器时,采用二次启动法,这样可使泵得到活动的机会,也可以观察泵在启动中有无障碍,如一切正常,即可挂上离合器。When
16、engage the pump clutch,prefer adopt twice start method,this can make the pump get the chance to act and also see whether there is anything wrong.If there is nothing wrong,engage the clutch finally.第23页/共49页泵在运转中的观察Inspection(observation)during operation(running)检查活塞杆和中间拉杆卡箍是否有不正常响声;检查液缸上的所有螺母以及阀盖和缸盖
17、是否有松动现象。如发现不正常现象,查明原因,及时处理。Check whether the clamp for piston rod and extension rod connection has some abnormal sound;check whether all the nuts on cylinder block and valve cover and cylinder cover are loosen or not.If there are some abnormality,find out the reason and eliminate them immediately.检查
18、各高压密封处是否有泄漏现象,泵阀和缸套处是否有刺漏声,如发现问题,应及时处理。Check whether the high pressure seal have leakage or not,and whether the pump valve and cylinder liner have any washout sound.If there is something wrong,resolve it immediately.注意泵压变化,发现异常情况妥善处理。Notice the change of the pump pressure.If there is something wrong
19、,handle it immediately 第24页/共49页注意喷淋泵的供水情况是否正常。Notice whether the water supply of spray pump is normal or not.注意各轴承部位、十字头导板以及其它有相对运动的部位的温度是否过高或有异常现象。Notice the temperature of each part of bearing,crosshead guide and other parts with movement is too high or has any abnormal phenomenon.在机架后部,动力端润滑油路的压
20、力表读数是否正常。At the back of frame,check whether the pressure gauges reading of lubrication for power end is proper or not 第25页/共49页钻井泵的日常维护和检查钻井泵的日常维护和检查 正确和及时地对钻井泵进行维护保养,是保证钻井泵正常工作,延长寿命的必要措施。对于任何一台泵的使用,都应重视这一环节。Maintaining the drilling pump correctly and duly is the necessary measure to ensure it worki
21、ng properly and lengthen its servicing life.To any drilling pump,it is very important.u每天的维护保养 daily maintenance u每星期的维护保养 weekly maintenanceu每月的维护保养 monthly maintenanceu每年的维护保养 yearly maintenanceu在维护保养中尚须注意的其它事项 uSome other items should be paid attention第26页/共49页每天的维护保养每天的维护保养daily maintenance停泵后检查
22、动力端的油位。Check the oil level of the power end after stoprunning观察缸套与活塞的工作情况。若发现漏出来的泥浆超出正常限度时,则须更换新缸套、活塞。Observe the working condition of cylinder liner and piston.If the mud leaking out is over the limit,It needs to change a new cylinder liner and piston.检查缸套腔,若有大量泥浆沉淀,应加以清理。Check the chamber of cylin
23、der liner.If there is too much mud deposit,clean it.检查喷淋泵水箱内水是否够用,并及时补充,冷却水有污染时加以更换,并同时清理水箱卫生。Check whether the water tank of spray pump is enough or not and replenish in time.When the cooling water is polluted,change it and clean the water tank.检查排出空气包的充气压力,是否符合要求。Check whether the charge pressure
24、of discharge dampener is proper or not.检查剪销安全阀的可靠性,必要时应予以更换。Check the shear safety valves reliability and change it when necessary.第27页/共49页检查润滑油泵压力表变化情况。如发现压力很小(0.035MPa)或无压力,应及时检查过滤器是否有堵塞现象。Check the reading of pressure gauge of lubrication pump.If the pressure is very small(0.035MPa)or even witho
25、ut pressure,check whether the filter is jammed or not in time.每天将活塞杆卡箍松开,把活塞转动四分之一圈左右,然后再上紧卡箍。Loose the piston rod clamp everyday.Turn the piston a quarter round and then tighten the clamp.在上紧缸盖与阀盖前,先在其丝扣内填涂润滑脂,且在每4小时时间内,检查一次是否有松动现象出现。Before installing the cylinder cover and valve cover,first fill t
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