英译汉层次句子翻译.pptx
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1、11三大从句的翻译方法三大从句的翻译方法名词性从句定语从句状语从句第1页/共72页22Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well.凡是值得做的事,就值得把它做好。Whether an organism is a plant or an animal sometimes taxes the brain of a biologist.一种生物究竟是植物还是动物,有时候会使生物学家颇伤脑筋。第2页/共72页33 遇到以it做形式主语而将真正的主语置后的句型,翻译时可采用分译、合译或插译的方法。It can be seen that precl
2、eaning alone would not reduce the total sulfur content of the four coals to level anywhere near the standards.可以看出,这4种煤的总含硫量仅靠预洗是不能降低到接近标准规定的水平的。第3页/共72页44It doesnt matter whether we start now or later.我们现在开始还是以后开始都没有关系。It happened that I had bought the book.我碰巧买了这本书。第4页/共72页55I dont remember whethe
3、r I cried at that moment,but my sister did.译文一:当时我究竟哭没哭,我不记得了。但我妹妹的译文一:当时我究竟哭没哭,我不记得了。但我妹妹的确哭了。确哭了。译文二:我不记得当时我究竟哭没哭,但我妹妹的确哭译文二:我不记得当时我究竟哭没哭,但我妹妹的确哭了。了。Your assumption,that things will improve,is unfounded.译文一:你的设想,认为事情都会改进,是没有根据的。译文一:你的设想,认为事情都会改进,是没有根据的。译文二:你认为事情都会改进的设想是没有根据的。译文二:你认为事情都会改进的设想是没有根据的
4、。He is not who he was thought to be.他不是人们过去所想的那种人。他不是人们过去所想的那种人。第5页/共72页66 what,how,whether,that,where,whenwhat,how,whether,that,where,when(1)(1)主语从句的译法主语从句的译法主语从句的译法主语从句的译法(2)(2)表语从句的译法表语从句的译法表语从句的译法表语从句的译法(3)(3)宾语从句的译法宾语从句的译法宾语从句的译法宾语从句的译法(4)(4)同位语从句的译法同位语从句的译法同位语从句的译法同位语从句的译法主语从句和后面的成分都不长主语从句和后面的
5、成分都不长 顺序法顺序法主语长,其他成分短主语长,其他成分短 逆译法逆译法二者长度相当且都较长二者长度相当且都较长 分译法分译法顺译法顺译法在主句谓语动词和宾语从句间断开在主句谓语动词和宾语从句间断开处理成含处理成含“的的”字结构的定字结构的定语语分译法分译法名词性从句名词性从句名词性从句名词性从句第6页/共72页77 This trend began during the Second World This trend began during the Second World War,when several governments came to War,when several gov
6、ernments came to thethe conclusionconclusion that the specific demands that a that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific government wants to make of its scientific establishments cannot generally be foreseen establishments cannot generally be foreseen in detailin det
7、ail.译文这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间,当时一些译文这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间,当时一些译文这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间,当时一些译文这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间,当时一些国家的政府得出结论:政府要向科研机构提出什么样的国家的政府得出结论:政府要向科研机构提出什么样的国家的政府得出结论:政府要向科研机构提出什么样的国家的政府得出结论:政府要向科研机构提出什么样的具体要求,通常是无法详尽预见的。具体要求,通常是无法详尽预见的。具体要求,通常是无法详尽预见的。具体要求,通常是无法详尽预见的。第7页/共72页88定语从句定语从句 一、前置法一、前置法一、前置法一、前置法 He is wi
8、sest who is honest.He is wisest who is honest.All is not gold that glitters.All is not gold that glitters.We will make no distinction between the We will make no distinction between the terrorists who committed these acts and terrorists who committed these acts and those who those who harborharbor t
9、hem.them.对参与此次袭击的恐怖分子和那些庇护他们的人,我们对参与此次袭击的恐怖分子和那些庇护他们的人,我们对参与此次袭击的恐怖分子和那些庇护他们的人,我们对参与此次袭击的恐怖分子和那些庇护他们的人,我们都将严惩不贷。都将严惩不贷。都将严惩不贷。都将严惩不贷。诚实的人最聪明。诚实的人最聪明。发光的不都是金子。发光的不都是金子。供给避难所供给避难所前置法、后置法、融合法、状译法前置法、后置法、融合法、状译法前置法、后置法、融合法、状译法/偏正、调整偏正、调整偏正、调整第8页/共72页99Try to translate:He who has never tasted what is bit
10、terHe who has never tasted what is bitter does does not know what is sweet.not know what is sweet.没有吃过苦的人没有吃过苦的人没有吃过苦的人没有吃过苦的人不知道什么是甜。不知道什么是甜。不知道什么是甜。不知道什么是甜。Space and oceans are Space and oceans are the new world which the new world which scientists are trying to explorescientists are trying to exp
11、lore.太空和海洋是太空和海洋是太空和海洋是太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域科学家们努力探索的新领域科学家们努力探索的新领域科学家们努力探索的新领域。His laughter,which was infectiousHis laughter,which was infectious,broke the,broke the silence.silence.他那富有感染力的笑声他那富有感染力的笑声他那富有感染力的笑声他那富有感染力的笑声打破了沉寂。打破了沉寂。打破了沉寂。打破了沉寂。第9页/共72页1010 二、后置法二、后置法二、后置法二、后置法 两种方法两种方法两种方法两种方法:(一)重
12、复先行词(一)重复先行词(一)重复先行词(一)重复先行词 Elizabeth was determined to make no effort for Elizabeth was determined to make no effort for conversation with a woman,who was now more than conversation with a woman,who was now more than usually usually insolentinsolent and disagreeable.and disagreeable.伊丽莎白不肯再和这样一个女人
13、说话,伊丽莎白不肯再和这样一个女人说话,伊丽莎白不肯再和这样一个女人说话,伊丽莎白不肯再和这样一个女人说话,这个女人这个女人这个女人这个女人现在异常无理,现在异常无理,现在异常无理,现在异常无理,十分令人反感。十分令人反感。十分令人反感。十分令人反感。The eagle catches the snake that The eagle catches the snake that gobblesgobbles the the toadtoad that swallows the insect that that swallows the insect that nibblenibble at
14、green leaves.at green leaves.老鹰抓蛇,老鹰抓蛇,老鹰抓蛇,老鹰抓蛇,蛇蛇蛇蛇吞蛤蟆,吞蛤蟆,吞蛤蟆,吞蛤蟆,蛤蟆蛤蟆蛤蟆蛤蟆吃虫子,吃虫子,吃虫子,吃虫子,虫子虫子虫子虫子啃绿叶。啃绿叶。啃绿叶。啃绿叶。I told the story to I told the story to John,who told it to his brotherJohn,who told it to his brother.他把这件事告诉了约翰,他把这件事告诉了约翰,他把这件事告诉了约翰,他把这件事告诉了约翰,约翰约翰约翰约翰又告诉了他的弟弟又告诉了他的弟弟又告诉了他的弟弟又告诉了
15、他的弟弟。We wish to express our satisfaction at this to We wish to express our satisfaction at this to the the Special Committee,whose activities deserve to be Special Committee,whose activities deserve to be encouragedencouraged.我们对特别委员会表示满意,我们对特别委员会表示满意,我们对特别委员会表示满意,我们对特别委员会表示满意,特别委员会特别委员会特别委员会特别委员会的工
16、作应该受到鼓励的工作应该受到鼓励的工作应该受到鼓励的工作应该受到鼓励 粗野的,无礼的急急捉住蛤蟆连续地轻咬第10页/共72页1111Try to translate:You,whose predecessors scored initial success in You,whose predecessors scored initial success in astronomicalastronomical research,research,have acquired a greater have acquired a greater accomplishment in this respe
17、ct.accomplishment in this respect.你们你们你们你们的先辈在天文学研究方面取得了初步的成功的先辈在天文学研究方面取得了初步的成功的先辈在天文学研究方面取得了初步的成功的先辈在天文学研究方面取得了初步的成功,而你们现在则在这,而你们现在则在这,而你们现在则在这,而你们现在则在这一方面获得了更大的成就。一方面获得了更大的成就。一方面获得了更大的成就。一方面获得了更大的成就。Although he lacks experience,he has Although he lacks experience,he has enterpriseenterprise and a
18、nd creativity,which are decisive in achieving success in the creativity,which are decisive in achieving success in the area.area.他虽然经验不足,但很有进取心和创造力,他虽然经验不足,但很有进取心和创造力,他虽然经验不足,但很有进取心和创造力,他虽然经验不足,但很有进取心和创造力,而而而而这这这这正是在这一领域获得正是在这一领域获得正是在这一领域获得正是在这一领域获得成功的关键成功的关键成功的关键成功的关键。天文学的积极性;进取心第11页/共72页1212(二)省略先
19、行词(二)省略先行词(二)省略先行词(二)省略先行词 He received He received the letter that announced the death of the letter that announced the death of your uncleyour uncle.他接到那封信,他接到那封信,他接到那封信,他接到那封信,说你的叔叔去世了说你的叔叔去世了说你的叔叔去世了说你的叔叔去世了。Try to translate:Try to translate:They worked out They worked out a new method by which p
20、roduction a new method by which production has now been rapidly increasedhas now been rapidly increased.他们制定出一种新方案,他们制定出一种新方案,他们制定出一种新方案,他们制定出一种新方案,采用之后生产已迅速得到提高采用之后生产已迅速得到提高采用之后生产已迅速得到提高采用之后生产已迅速得到提高。After dinner,the four key negotiators After dinner,the four key negotiators resumedresumed their th
21、eir talks,which continued well into the night.talks,which continued well into the night.饭后,四个主要谈判人物继续进行会谈,饭后,四个主要谈判人物继续进行会谈,饭后,四个主要谈判人物继续进行会谈,饭后,四个主要谈判人物继续进行会谈,一直谈到深夜一直谈到深夜一直谈到深夜一直谈到深夜。继续第12页/共72页1313 三、融合法三、融合法三、融合法三、融合法 There is a manThere is a man downstairs downstairs who wants to see who wants
22、to see youyou.楼下有人要见你。楼下有人要见你。楼下有人要见你。楼下有人要见你。We used We used a plane of which almost every part a plane of which almost every part carried some indication of national identitycarried some indication of national identity.我们驾驶的我们驾驶的我们驾驶的我们驾驶的飞机几乎每一个部件都有一些国籍标志飞机几乎每一个部件都有一些国籍标志飞机几乎每一个部件都有一些国籍标志飞机几乎每一个部
23、件都有一些国籍标志。第13页/共72页1414Try to translate:As she turned the corner a new idea occurred to her,As she turned the corner a new idea occurred to her,which made her stop dead.which made her stop dead.走到拐弯处,她突然想到了一个新主意,立刻停了下来。走到拐弯处,她突然想到了一个新主意,立刻停了下来。走到拐弯处,她突然想到了一个新主意,立刻停了下来。走到拐弯处,她突然想到了一个新主意,立刻停了下来。In our
24、 factory,there are In our factory,there are many people who are much many people who are much interested in the new inventioninterested in the new invention.在我们工厂里,在我们工厂里,在我们工厂里,在我们工厂里,许多人对这项新发明很感兴趣许多人对这项新发明很感兴趣许多人对这项新发明很感兴趣许多人对这项新发明很感兴趣。She had She had a balancea balance at her bankers at her banke
25、rs which would have which would have made her beloved anywheremade her beloved anywhere.她在银行里的她在银行里的她在银行里的她在银行里的存款足以使她到处受到欢迎存款足以使她到处受到欢迎存款足以使她到处受到欢迎存款足以使她到处受到欢迎。余额第14页/共72页1515四、状译法四、状译法/偏正偏正(一)译成表示(一)译成表示(一)译成表示(一)译成表示“时间时间时间时间”的分句的分句的分句的分句 A driver who is driving the busA driver who is driving the
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