英语情态动词的用法.pdf
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1、英语情态动词的用法情态动词1)情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示期待或估计某事的发生。2)情态动词 除ought和have外,后面只能接不带t o的不定式。3)情态动词没有人称,数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。4)情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式,分词,等形式。情态动词有 can(could),may(might),must,have to,shall(should,will(would),dare(dared),need(needed),ought to 等。情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语一、can,could1)表示能力(体
2、力、知识、技 能)。Can you lift this heavy box?(体力)Mary can speak three languages.(知识)Can you skate?(技能)此时可用be able to代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而be able to则有更多的时态。I,ll not be able to come this afternoon.当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able t o,不能用Cano如:He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of theheavy r
3、ain.2)表示请求和允许。一Can I go now?一-Yes,you can./No,you cant.此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中。-Could I come to see you tomorrow?一-Yes,you can.(No,Pm afraid not.)3)表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。Theyve changed the timetable,so we can go by bus instead.This hall can hold 500 people at least.4)表
4、示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。Can this be true?This cant be done by him.How can this be true?二、may,might1)表示请求和允许。m ight比may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。否定回答时可用cant或m u stn t,表示 不可以,禁止”。-M ig h t/May I smoke in this room?-No,you mustnt.-May/Might I take this book out of the room?Yes,you can.(No,you cant/mustnt.)
5、用MayI?征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用CanI?在口语中更常见。2)用于祈使句,表示祝愿。May you succeed!3)表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。1.He may/might be very busy now.2.Your mother may/might not know the truth.三、must,have to1)表示必须、必要。You must come in time.在回答引出的问句时,如果是否定的,不能用mustnt(禁止,不准),而用 neednt,dont have to(不必).-Must we
6、hand in our exercise books today?-Yes,you must.No,you dont have to/you neednt.2)must是说话人的主观看法,而 have to 则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时,have t o 有更多的时态形式。1.he play isnt interesting,I really must go now.2.I had to work when I was your age.3)表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)1.Youre Toms good friend,so you must know what he lik
7、esbest.2.Your mother must be waiting for you now.四、dare,need1)dare作情态动词用时,常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中,过去式形式为daredo1.How dare you say Im unfair?2.He darent speak English before such a crowd,dare he?3.If we dared not go there that day,we couldnt get thebeautiful flowers.2)need作情态动词用时,常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一 般用 must,ha
8、ve to,ought to,should 代替。1.You neednt come so early.2.-Need I finish the work today?-Yes,you must./No,you neednt.3)dare和 need作实义动词用时,有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中,dare后面常接带to 的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中,dare后面可接带to 或不带to 的不定式。而 need后面只能接带 t。的不定式。1.1 dare to swim across this river.2.He doesnt dare(to)answer.3.He needs to fin
9、ish his homework today.五、shall,should1)shall用于第一人称,征求对方的意见。What shall we do this evening?2)shaU用于第二、三 人 称 表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。1.You shall fail if you dont work hard.(警告)2.He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺)3.He shall be punished.(威胁、)六、will,would1)表示请求、建议等,would更委婉。Will/Would you pass me t
10、he ball,please?2)表示意志、愿望和决心。1.1 will never do that again.2.They asked him if he would go abroad.3)would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to 正式,且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。1.During the vacation,he would visit me every other day.2.The wound would not heal.4)表示估计和猜想。It would be about ten oclock when she left home.
11、七、should,ought to1)should,ought to 表示“应该,ought to 表示义务或责任,比should语气重。1.1 should help her because she is in trouble.2.You ought to take care of the baby.2)表示劝告、建议和命令。should,ought to 可通用,但在疑问句中常用shouldo1.You should/ought to go to class right away.2.Should I open the window?3)表示推测should,ought to(客观推测),
12、must(主观推测)。l.He must be home by now.(断定他已到家)2.H e o u g h t t o/s h o u ld b e h o m e b y n o w.(不太肯定)3.T h i s i s w h e r e t h e o i l m u s t b e.(直爽)4.T h i s i s w h e r e t h e o i l o u g h t t o/s h o u ld b e.(含蓄)09牛津中考英语专项训练及答案(9)(缺词填空)(1)At d i f f e r e n t t i me s i n a ma n s l i f
13、e h i s f o o d h a s d i f f e r e n t e f f e c t s(影响)0n h i s b o d y.A m ong c h i l d r e n f (1)i s q u i c kl y c h a n g e d t o t h ep o w e i(力量)t o r u n a n d p l a y g a me s.M o s t o f a y o u n g ma n s f o o d i ss p e n t o n g r o w i n g t (2);we g r o w u p w a r d s o n l y d
14、(3)t h e f i r s t t w e n t yy e a r s o f o u r 1 4),n o t l a t e r.W o r k i n g m e n g e t t h e i r s t r o n g b o d i e sf r o m t h e i r f o o d;a n d i f t h e y w o r k h (5),t h e y d o n o t g e t f a t.O f f i c ew o r ke r s e a t w e l l a n d s (6)d o w n a l o t,a n d m a y b e g
15、 i n t o g r o w f a tw h e n s t i l l q u i t e y o u n g.M a n y o l d e r p t r y t o w o r k m u c h a n d w a l ko f t e n.P e r h a p s t h e mo s t d i f f i c u l t t i me i s w h e n a m a n r (8)s i x t y y e a r so f a g e.H i s b o d y a n d m i n d b (9)r e s t f u l,w i t h o u t m u
16、c h w o r k o ri n t e r e s t.T h a t i s w h e n f o o d c h a n g e s q u i c kl y t o f (10).1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.(2)Bats(蝙蝠)are the only flying animals in the world.It isknown to all that they cannot see very well.uAs b(1)as a bat”is often h(2).Yet,they have no trouble flying on thed(3)nights a
17、nd finding their way r(4)verywell.Why can bats fly and see at night?They fly by radar(雷达)The bats radar w(5)the same way as the radar on shipsand planes.As a bat flies t(6)the air,it makes a sound.Ifthe sounds hit t(7),they will come back and the batse(8)will receive the message.In this way,the bat
18、isa(9)to know where the things are.Bats go out forf(10)at night.In the daytime,they hang in somedark places.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.(3)Tennis is in its second life.Its first game began in France.Thename of the game comes from the French word“terniez”.TheEnglish men c_1 the game“tennis“when they watched
19、 theFrenchmen play 800 years ago.The Englishmen liked the French game.Tennis courts(球场)were built in every park,in every city,just like today.The twocountries played against each other.At first they played for honor.Then they w _2_ money.Later people began cheating(欺骗)to getmoney.Three hundred years
20、 ago the game was forbidden(禁止)tostop the cheating.The game a 3 _ disappeared.Americans found the old courts when they went to Europe 100years ago.They learned w_4 they could do about the game.They liked the game as the Englishmen had b_5.Afterreturning home,the Americans built tennis courts.Tennis
21、began tobecome w _6 in all the United States.Now it is one of the moste games in the world again.1.2.3.4.5.6.7._(4)There are four people in my family.Every day my parents arevery busy 11 _ to make money in order to pay the high tuition(学费)for my brother and me.They hardly say I love you or send f 2
22、_to each other.Besides,my father has a bad temper(脾气).It is easyfor him to lose his temper w 3 hes very tired from the hardwork.I didnt know whether there was love between them u 4one spring.At that time,my father suddenly got badly sick.Mymother had to stay with him in the hospital for a month.When
23、 theyreturned from the hospital,they both looked very w 5 as if bothof them had a serious illness.After they were back,my mother helped my father walk slowlyon the country road every day in the morning and dusk.H 6,after two months my father still couldnt walk by h 7.All of uswere worried about him.
24、Dad,how are you f 8 now?I asked him one day.Susan,dont worry about me.he said i 9 a low voice.uI just likewalking with your mom.I like this kind of life/Reading hiseyes,I know he loves my mother very much.Once I thought love m 10 flowers,presents and sweet kisses.But from this experience,I understan
25、d that love is inside,making life strong and warm.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.(5)A woman was eating in a restaurant,.She asked the waiter todo many t_ 1 _ for her.Now she was g_2_ the waiter a lot oftrouble,f 3_,she asked the waiter to turn on the air conditionerbecause she f_4 too hot.Then she asked him t
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