情态动词用法讲义(详细).pdf
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1、情态动词比较need和dare这两词既可做实义动词用,又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词,两者都只能用千疑间句,否定句和条件句。need作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to,而dare作实义动词用时,后面的to时常可以被省略。l)实义动词:need(需要,要求)need+n./to do sth 2)悄态动词:need只用原形need后加do,否定形式为neednot。Need you go yet?Yes,I must./No,I neednt.3)need的被动含义need,want,require,wo,th(形容词)后面接doing也可以表示被动need doing=need to be d
2、one 带to的情态动词带to的情态动词有四个:oughtto,have to,used to,be to,如加上havegot to,(=must),be able to为六个。它们的疑间,否定形式应予以注意:Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month?She didnt use to play tennis before she was fom1een.You ought not to have told her all about it.Ought he to see a heart specialist at o
3、nce.?ought to本身作为清态动词使用。其他的词作为实义动词使用,变疑间,否定时,须有do等助动词协助。典型例题Tom ought not to _ me your secret,but he meant no h扣m.A.have told B.tell C.be telling D.having told 答案A。由于后句为过去时,告诉秘密的动作又发生在其前因,此地应用过去完成时,但它在情态动词oughtto 后,所以用have。情态动词的回答方式问句肯定回答否定回答Need you?Yes,I must.No,I neednt Must you?/dont have to.典型例
4、题1)-Could I borrow your dictionary?-Yes,of course,you_.A.皿ghtB.will C.can D.should 答案C.could表示委婉的语气,并不为时态。答语中ofcourse,表示肯定的语气,允许某人做某事时,用can和may来表达,不能用could或might。复习:wi与you连用,用来提出要求或下命令。should与you连用,用来提出劝告。2)-Shall I tell John about it?-No,you_.Ive told him already.A.neednt B.wouldnt C.mustnt D.shoul
5、dnt 答案A。neednt不必,不用。wouldnt将不,不会的。mustnt禁止、不能。shouldnt不应该。本题为不需要,不必的意思,应用neednt。3)-Dont forget to come to my bi1thday party tomonow.A.I dont B.I wont C.I cant D.I havent 答案B.will既可当作清态动词,表请求、建议、也可作为实义动词表意愿、意志、决心”,本题表示决心,选B。will和would注意:1)would like;Would like to do=want to想要,为固定搭配。Would you like to
6、go with me?2)Will you?Would you like?表示肯定含义的请求劝说时,疑问句中一般用some,而不是any。Would you like some cake?3)否定结构中用wIll,一般不用would,wont you是一种委婉语气。Wont you sit down?would rather表示“宁愿”would rather do would rather not do would rather than 宁愿.而不愿。还有wouldsooner,had rather,had sooner都表示“宁愿”、“宁可的意思。lf I have a choice,l
7、 had sooner not continue my studies at this school.r would rather stay here than go home.=r would stay here rather than go home.典型例题-Shall we go skating or stay at home?-V.11ich _ do?A.do you rather B.would you rather C.will you rather D.should you rather 答案B。本题考查情态动词rather的用法,wouldrather+do sth意为宁愿
8、,本题为疑问句,would提前,所以选B。had better表示最好had better相当于一个助动词,它只有一种形式,它后面要跟动词原形。had better do sth had better not do sth It is pretty cold.Youd better put on my coat.Shed better not play with the dog.had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果,意为本来最好”。You had better have come earlier.should和oughtto should和ought to都为“
9、应该的意思,可用于各种人称。-Ought he to go?-Yes.I think he ought to.表示要求,命令时,语气由should(应该)、hadbetter最好)、must(必须)渐强。情态动词have过去分词1)may(might)have+done sth,can(could)have+done sth 表示过去,推剃过去时间里可能发生的事情。Ph山pmay(might)have been hmt seriously in the car accident.P皿pcan(could)have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
10、2)must have+done sth,对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测,语气较强,具有肯定,谅必的意思。-Linda has gone to work,but her bicycle is still here.-She must have gone by bus.3)ought to have done sth,should have done sth 本应该做某事,而事实上并没有做。否定句表示“不该做某事而做了。You ought to(should)have been more careful in this expe1iment.He ought not to have throw
11、n the old clothes away.(事实上巳扔了。)ought to在语气上比should要强。4)neednt have done s小本没必要做某事I dressed very w釭inlyfor the t1ip,but I neednt have done so.The weather was hot.5)would like to have done s出本打筛做某事I would I火eto have read the article,but I was very busy then.表示推浏的用法can,could,may,might,must皆可表示推侧,其用法如下
12、:l)情态动词动词原形。表示对现在或将来的情况的推测,此时动词通常为系动词。I dont know where she is,she may be in Wuhan.2)情态动词动词现在进行时。表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。At this moment,our teacher must be coJTectmg our exam papers.这时,我们老师想必在批改试卷。3)情态动词动词完成时。表示对过去情况的推测。We would have finished this work by the end of next December.明年十二月底前我们很可能巳完成这项工作了。Th
13、e road is wet.It must have rained last night.地是湿的,昨天晚上一定下雨了。4)悄态动词动词的现在完成进行时。表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。Your mother must have been loo伈ngfor you.你妈妈一定一直在找你。5)推侧的否定形式,疑间形式用cant,couldnt表示。Mike cant have found his car,for he came to work by bus this mornmg.迈克一定还没有找回他的车,因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。注意:could,might表示推测时不表示时态,其推测的
14、程度不如can,may。must表示推测1)must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测,意为一定”。2)must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时,must后面通常接系动词be的原形或行为动词的进行式。You have worked h釭dall day.You must be tired.你辛苦干一整天,一定累了。(对现在悄况的推测判断)He must be wor灼ngin his office.他一定在办公室工作呢。比较:He must be staying there.He must stay there.他现在肯定呆在那里。他必须呆在那。3)must表示对已发生的事情的推测时,mu
15、st要接完成式。I didnt hear the phone.I must have been asleep.我刚才没有听到电话,我想必是睡若了。4)must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测,must后面要接不定式的完成进行式。-Why didnt you answer my phone caJI?-Well,I must have been sleeping,so I didnt he缸it.5)否定推测用cant。If Tom didnt leave here until five oclock,he cant be home yet.如果汤姆五点才离开这儿,他此时一定还未到家。比较hav
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