印地语字母发音-PPT.ppt
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1、印地语字母发音元音发音HindiMaatraas发音标示发音标示笔划笔划发音播放发音播放发音简明发音简明A aa/u as in cut,but,about发音说明:Alow-midormidcentralunroundedvowel,similartothefirst,de-stressedvowelintheEnglishvertsubject,ortothevowelinEnglishbut,articulatedwiththelipssomewhatclosertogetherthaninsouthernstardardEnglish.元音元音 VowelsHindiMaatraas发
2、音标示发音标示笔划笔划发音播放发音播放发音简明发音简明Aaaaaa as in start,father,last发音说明:Alowcentralunreoundedvowel,similartothefirstvowelinEnglishfather(butinsounthernstandardEnglishpronunciationthevowelisarticulatedfurtherbackinthemouththanisthecasewithHindi).元音元音 VowelsHindiMaatraas发音标示发音标示笔划笔划发音播放发音播放发音简明发音简明Eeii as in li
3、st,mist,twist发音说明:Aquitehighfrontunroundedvowel,ratherlikethevowelinEnglishsitinsounthernstandardEnglishpronunciatino.(InsomepronunciationsofEnglishthevoweliisarticulatedratherlowerinthemouththanisthecasewithHindii.)ManyspeakersofHindioftenemployahigher,tenser,somewhatlongerpronunciationofthisvowelt
4、hanthatindicatedhere(inwhichitislessdistinctfromthefllowingvowel,).元音元音 VowelsHindiMaatraas发音标示发音标示笔划笔划发音播放发音播放发音简明发音简明Iiiiee/ea as in feed,clean,sea发音说明:Ahighforntunroundedvowel,similartothevowelinEnglishseatinsounthernstandardEnglishpronunciation.(InsomepronunciationsofEnglishthevowelisarticulated
5、lowerinthemouthandmorelaxlythanisthecasewithHindi).元音元音 Vowels大家有疑问的,可以询问和交流大家有疑问的,可以询问和交流可以互相讨论下,但要小声点可以互相讨论下,但要小声点可以互相讨论下,但要小声点可以互相讨论下,但要小声点HindiMaatraas发音标示发音标示笔划笔划发音播放发音播放发音简明发音简明uuu/ooas in pull,book,full发音说明:Aquitehighbackroundedvowel,ratherlikethevowelinEnglishputinsounthernstandardEnglishpro
6、nunciation,thoughtendingtobeslightlyhigher.(InsomepronunciationsofEnglishthevoweluisarticulateddistinctlylowerinthemouththanisthecasewithHindiu.)ManyspeakersofHindioftenemployahigher,tenser,somewhatlongerpronunciationofthisvowelthanindicdatedhere(inwhichitislessdistinctformthefollowingvowel,).元音元音 V
7、owelsHindiMaatraas发音标示发音标示笔划笔划发音播放发音播放发音简明发音简明Uuuoo as in fool,pool,boot发音说明:Ahighbackroundedvowel,ratherlikethevowelinEnglishfoodinsounthernstandardEnglishpronunciation,butwithslightlylessliproundingthanthisvowelsometimesreceivesinthatpronunciation.(InsomepronunciationsofEnglishthevowelisarticulate
8、dwithmuchlessliproundingthanisthecasewithHindi.)元音元音 VowelsHindiMaatraas发音标示发音标示笔划笔划发音播放发音播放发音简明发音简明Oea as in lame,blame,plate发音说明:Ahigh-midfrontunroundedvowel,similartothefirstvowelinGermangebenorFrencht.ThissounddoesnotoccurasasinglevowelinmostpronunciationsofEnglish,butissimilartothefirstcomponen
9、tofthediphthongheradinthesounternstandardEnglishpronunciationofthewordplay.MostEnglishspeakersneedtotakespecialcarenottopronounceadiphthongfore.元音元音 VowelsHindiMaatraas发音标示发音标示笔划笔划发音播放发音播放发音简明发音简明Oaia/ai as in cat,rat,clam发音说明:Thesoundrepresentedbythedigraphaiisfrequentlyalowtolow-midfrontunroundedv
10、owel,ratherlikethevowelinEnglishhadinsounthernstandardEnglishpronunciation,buttendingoftentobepronouncedwithaslightlyhigherpointofarticulation(asinmanyotherpronunciationsofthewordhad).Thestudentisrecommendedtoadoptthismonophthongaltypeofpronunciation,whichisfairlynormalinthewesternpartoftheHindilang
11、uagearea.Elsewhereadiphthongalpronunciationofthesoundiscommon(Hindia+shorteusually;sometimesa+i).元音元音 VowelsHindiMaatraas发音标示发音标示笔划笔划发音播放发音播放发音简明发音简明Aauau/ou/o as in bought,caught,dot发音说明:Thesoundrepresentedbythedigraphauisfrequentlyalow-midtomidbackroundedvowel,somewhatlikethevowelinEnglishnodinsou
12、thernstandardEnglishpronunciation,butratherlonger,andtendingusuallytobepronouncedwithaslightlyhigherpointofarticulation.Thestudentisrecommendedtoadoptthismonophthongaltypeofpronunciation,whichisfairlynormalinthewesternpartoftheHindilanguagearea.Elsewhereadiphthongalpronunciationofthesoundiscommon(Hi
13、ndia+shortousually;sometimesa+u).元音元音 VowelsHindiMaatraas发音标示发音标示笔划笔划发音播放发音播放发音简明发音简明Aanun as in clunk,hung,drunk发音说明:Allvowelsmaybepronouncedwithorwithoutnasality.Thearticulationofavowelgenerallydoesnotchangewhenitisnasalized;noteparticularlythatnasalizeddoesnothavethevalueofFrenchnasalizedinenfant
14、,whichshowslowback,notlowcentral,vowels.Thepointofarticulationofeando,however,tendstobeslightlyloweredwhenthesevowelsarenasalized.元音元音 VowelsHindiMaatraas发音标示发音标示笔划发音播放发音简明发音简明AHHahuh as in duh,huh发音说明:元音元音 VowelsHindiMaatraas发音标示发音标示笔划笔划发音播放发音播放发音简明发音简明riri as in Krishna,embryo发音说明:元音元音 Vowelsk Gro
15、upVelars软颚音软颚音HindiMaatraas发音标示发音标示笔划笔划发音播放发音播放发音简明发音简明kkk as in book,bake发音说明:Velarplosive,similartounaspiratedkinEnglishskin(butnottokinmostEnglishspeakerspronunciationofkin,king,etc.,whichisaspirated).辅音辅音 K-Group VelarsHindiMaatraas发音标示发音标示笔划笔划发音播放发音播放发音简明发音简明kakhakhkh as in kit发音说明:Aspiratedcon
16、sonantcorrespondstotheunaspiratedconsonant.辅音辅音 K-Group VelarsHindiMaatraas发音标示发音标示笔划笔划发音播放发音播放发音简明发音简明gagagg as in game,sing,good发音说明:Velarplosive;asEnglishginthewordgo.辅音辅音 K-Group VelarsHindiMaatraas发音标示发音标示笔划笔划发音播放发音播放发音简明发音简明Gaghaghgh as in ghost发音说明:Oneofthevoiceaspiratedplosives.Thesesoundsar
17、edifficultforono-Indian(andsomeIndian)learnersofHindi.Thedifficultyistokeepbothplosiveandaspirationvoiced,(accompaniedbyvibrationofthevocalchords),andatthesametimetoavoidallowingavoweltointervenebetweenthem,i.e.toavoidsayingeitherkharorgaharforghar,etc.Constantpracticeofthesesoundsisnecesary.Itmaybe
18、helpfulatfirsttotryrepeatingthesound-grouphg-hg-hgasquicklyaspossible,whenhwillprobablycoalescewithprecedinggasvoicedratherthanvoicelessaspiration(similarlywithhj,hd,etc).Voicedaspiratesbeforeconsonantsandattheendofwordstendtoshowreducedaspiration;thusgharhasmoreaspirationthan samajhn,bgh.辅音辅音 K-Gro
19、up VelarsHindiMaatraas发音标示发音标示笔划笔划发音播放发音播放发音简明发音简明ngang as in dancing发音说明:Velarnasal;asthefinalconsonantinsouthernstandardEnglishsing.Occurschieflybeforevelark,g,kh,gh,andglottalh.辅音辅音 K-Group Velarsch GroupPre-palatals颚前音颚前音HindiMaatraas发音标示发音标示笔划笔划发音播放发音播放发音简明发音简明cacacch as in cheap,cheese发音说明:Pre
20、-palatalaffricate;theclosestEnglishequivalentischinchurch,etc.,butHindichasminimumaspiration,andismoretenseinarticulationthanEnglishch.Thestudentwillbehelpedtoavoidaspirationbykeepingthetonguetipdowninthemouth,behindthebottomteeth,andtryingtosaytyratherthanch.辅音辅音 Ch-Group Pre-palatalHindiMaatraas发音
21、标示发音标示笔划笔划发音播放发音播放发音简明发音简明Cchachchh as in chew发音说明:Aspiratedconsonantcorrespondstotheunaspiratedconsonant.辅音辅音 Ch-Group Pre-palatalHindiMaatraas发音标示发音标示笔划笔划发音播放发音播放发音简明发音简明jajaj as in just发音说明:Pre-palatalaffricate;similartoEnglishj,butwithamoretensearticulationthanthatwhichisoftenshownbythissound.Th
22、estudentmayproduceamoreIndianjbykeepingthetonguetipdowninthemouthandtryingtosaydyratherthanj.辅音辅音 Ch-Group Pre-palatalHindiMaatraas发音标示发音标示笔划笔划发音播放发音播放发音简明发音简明Jajhajhjh as in发音说明:Oneofthevoiceaspiratedplosives.Thesesoundsaredifficultforono-Indian(andsomeIndian)learnersofHindi.Thedifficultyistokeepbo
23、thplosiveandaspirationvoiced,(accompaniedbyvibrationofthevocalchords),andatthesametimetoavoidallowingavoweltointervenebetweenthem,i.e.toavoidsayingeitherkharorgaharforghar,etc.Constantpracticeofthesesoundsisnecesary.Itmaybehelpfulatfirsttotryrepeatingthesound-grouphg-hg-hgasquicklyaspossible,whenhwi
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