国际贸易-经济-外文翻译-外文文献-英文文献-不断变化的世界纺织品服装贸易格局.doc
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1、The Changing World Network of Trade in Textiles and ApparelThomas Vollrath,Mark Gehlhar,Stephen MacDonaldU.S.A.http:/www.ers.usda.gov/amberwavesThomas Vollrath, thomasvers.usda.govMark Gehlhar, mgehlharers.usda.govStephen MacDonald, stephenmers.usda.govThe structure of the global textile market is f
2、undamentally changing in response to policy reforms stemming from the 1995 Uruguay Round (UR) of the World Trade Organization. The UR instituted agreements to reduce tariffs on textile and apparel products to levels closer to those found elsewhere in manufacturing. It also established the Agreement
3、on Textiles and Clothing (ATC), which stipulates that all bilateral import quotas, sanctioned under the 1974 Multi-Fiber Arrangement (MFA), will be eliminated by 2005.Full implementation of the UR reforms will bring textiles and apparel into greater conformity with internationally accepted rules of
4、trade. Collectively, these reforms should stimulate growth in textile trade, which already outpaces trade in other sectors of the world economy. For example, trade in textiles and apparel in the last decade nearly doubled to $334 billion. These reforms also promise to significantly alter the locatio
5、n of production and the direction of fiber and textile trade.The Bilateral Fiber and Textile Trade database, available on the ERS website (www.ers.usda.gov/data/fibertextiletrade/), enables analysts to examine the evolving structure of trade among partners and across commodities and products in the
6、global market. This database, derived from UN Comtrade data, contains information about commodity and product trade flows among exporting and importing countries/regions between 1992 and 2002.The global network of trade in textiles and apparel has shifted significantly, with many low-income countrie
7、s benefiting from higher sales within the past decade. Unlike agricultural production, which depends on the availability of natural resources, the location of textile and, particularly, apparel production is highly mobile and extremely responsive to wage differentials. Textile and apparel production
8、 requires substantial labor, is not technologically demanding, and provides employment opportunities for the relatively unskilled laborers who transfer out of subsistence agriculture. It introduces workers to manufacturing and provides them with training opportunities in new and productivity-enhanci
9、ng activities.Competition from low-cost suppliers in developing countries has put considerable pressure on established exporters of textiles and apparel, particularly those in the newly industrialized countries (NIC) of Asia (Hong Kong, Macau, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan). The Asian-NIC share
10、 of the global textile and apparel market halved, falling from 24 to 12 percent between 1992 and 2002. In contrast, the market share of developing-country suppliers, excluding the Asian NICs, increased 15 percentage points to 64 percent during this period. China was especially successful, raising it
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