高三英语二轮复习阅读指导主旨大意题讲义.docx
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1、英语阅读指导主旨大意主旨大意题是阅读理解中学生失分最多的题目,因为该类题目不仅考查略读文章、领会大意 的能力,也对归纳概括能力提出了较高的要求。该类题目在文章中没有明显的解题依据,需要从 文章中提炼、抽取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括,才能归纳出文章的主旨。一、了解题型特点与设问方式命题解读1 .主旨大意题考查的是对文章内容的深层次理解,它要求在充分理解全文的前提下,对整篇文章 的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象。主旨大意题分为标题归纳类和文章大意类。2 .标题归纳类要求学生选出文章的最佳标题,文章大意类(内容)考查文章或段落的主旨大意。 题型特点.把握主旨大意题常见的设问方式。The best
2、title for the passage is.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?The passage is mainly about.What is the text mainly about?The main idea of the second paragraph probably is.What is the first paragraph mainly about?1 .掌握主旨大意题的考查角度。(1)高频考点:标题归纳题、文章大意题。低频考点:段落大意题。二、掌握主旨大意题的解题捷径熟知主旨大意题的
3、解题捷径题型特点解题捷径Winberg, a marine ecologist at the University of Wollongong, has spent decades studying seaweed.She believes seaweeds fast growth rate and ability to absorb vast amounts of carbon dioxide can help fight climate change, deacidify the ocean, and change the way we farm, not only in the ocea
4、n but also on land.“If we used the infrastructure we have in the ocean and created seaweed islands, we would actually get rid of many climate change issues we have today, “ says Winberg.Realizing seaweeds potential as a climate solution, Winberg opened Australias first land-based, commercial seaweed
5、 farm in 2013.On her farm in New South Wales, Winberg produces seaweed extracts (提取物)that are used in food, cosmetics and medicines.Like plants on land, seaweed absorbs CO2 and grows biomass (生物量).Coastal marine systems can absorb carbon at rates up to 50 times greater than forests on land, accordin
6、g to Emily Pidgeon, senior director of strategic marine initiatives at Conservation International.Globally, seaweed is thought to absorb nearly 200 million tons of CO2 every yearas much as New York States annual emissions.And when seaweed dies, much of the carbon locked up in its tissues is transpor
7、ted to the deep ocean.By raising pH levels in the ocean, seaweed also improves growing conditions for shellfish such as oysters and mussels whose shells become more fragile (脆弱的)in acidic environments.The potential for seaweed cultivation doesnt stop in the ocean.Winberg has found there are benefits
8、 of doing it on land too.She believes that seaweed farming offers “huge potentialto not only address the climate crisis, but also feed a growing population in a sustainable way.According to Winberg, one hectare (公顷)of a seaweed fann can produce more protein than the same amount of land used for catt
9、le. Were sitting on undiscovered, renewable, sustainable resources, v she says.【语篇解读】45000多年前,人类发现海藻可以用来做防水袋。现在人们可以用海藻来解决世 界上的气候问题。1 .What is mainly introduced about seaweed in Paragraph 1 ?Alts use.B.Its history.C.Its origin. D.Its appearance.解析:细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,45 000多年前,人类发现了海藻可以用来做防水袋。 45 000年后它被
10、用来解决pressing problems,如今它被用来解决世界上的气候危机。故可知该 段主要介绍了海藻的用途。故A项正确。答案:A.Why is seaweed spoken highly of according to the text?A.It lowers the ocean temperature directly.B.It contributes to shellfishs growing speed.C.It produces the same amount of protein as cattle.D.It grows fast and can absorb carbon at
11、 a high rate.解析:推理判断题。由第二段中的“She believes.on kind”可知海藻生长速度快,能吸收大量二 氧化碳;根据第四段内容可知,沿海海洋系统吸收碳的速度高达陆地森林的50倍。由此可推知, 海藻生长迅速,并且能以很高的速度吸收碳。故D项正确。答案:D.What is Winbergs attitude towards seaweed?A.Unclear. B.Favorable.C.Critical. D.Doubtful.解析:推理判断题。根据第二段中的“She believes.but also on land,第三段中的“If we used.says W
12、inberg” 和第六段中的 “She believes.a sustainable way” 可知,Winberg 对海藻持支持 态度o答案:B2 .What is the best title for the text?A.CO2,a Killer of Climate ChangeB.Pollution, the Worlds Climate CrisisC.Seaweed, a Potential Climate SolutionD.Infrastructure, a Way of Eliminating Climate Issues解析:主旨大意题。根据全文内容,尤其是第一段的最后一
13、句Today, it is used to address the worlds climate crisisw可知,现在人们可以用海藻来解决世界上面临的气候问题。由此可知,C项“海藻, 一种潜在的气候解决方案”适合作文章标题。答案:CBIf the three Rs (reduce, reuse and recycle) is a guideline to save the planet, garbage-sorting is where the efforts start.Since May 1, Beijing has started to carry out mandatory gar
14、bage-sorting in new efforts to better protect the environment.Under the new regulation, residents are required to classify household waste into four categories: kitchen, recyclable, hazardous and other waste.People who fail to sort their garbage properly can be fined from 50 to 200 yuan, reported Xi
15、nhua.Some residential communities in Beijing have introduced rewards to encourage residents to sort their garbage.According to Xinhua, residents can earn points by classifying their domestic waste correctly and then exchange the points they accumulated for daily necessities such as soap.Garbage-sort
16、ing practices have reached over 70 percent of housing estates in 18 cities, including Shanghai , Xiamen and Hangzhou , according to the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development.Shanghai first enacted a mandatory garbage-sorting regulation in July 2019 and has had a 90 percent compliance (服从)r
17、ate among its housing estates.According to a report by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, over 90 percent of the public believe that garbage-sorting is important for the protection of the environment.However, garbage-sorting is still a big problem in China.Only 30 percent of participants said
18、they think they are completely sorting their waste, the report noted.According to Xinhua, its partly because many people lack the willingness to sort their own waste.Also, some previous garbage regulations didnt include fines for people who failed to obey them.uIts a must to have a legal guarantee t
19、o promote garbage-sorting, “ Liu Jianguo, a professor from Tsinghua University, told China Daily.u Aside from China, many countries like Germany, Spain and Britain, also ask people to sort waste into specific categories.In Japan, there is a fixed time for the sorting of each kind of garbage and litt
20、ering.”【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。自5月1日起,北京开始实施强制垃圾分类,以更好地保 护环境。文章介绍了这一政策的相关规定,说明了如今中国垃圾分类的现状和存在的一些问题, 以及其他人对于中国垃圾分类的一些看法。3 .What can vve learn about the new regulation in Beijing?A.It hasnt been put into use yet.B.Residents can sort the garbage as they like.C.People can get money if they classify their domes
21、tic waste correctly.D.Those who cant sort the garbage as the new rule requires shall be fined.解析:细节理解题。根据第一段中的 “People who fail to sort their garbage properly can be fined from 50 to 200yuan, reported Xinhua.n可知,据新华社报道,没有对垃圾进行分类的人将被处以50元 到200元的罚款。答案:D.Whats the problem in garbage-sorting in China?A.
22、Most people are unaware of its importance in protecting environment.B.Some people dont want to take the trouble to sort the garbage.C.Only residents in big cities can sort the trash correctly.D.The government doesnt have enough money to support garbage sorting.解析:细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知,90%的人意识到垃圾分类的重要性,但只有
23、30%的受 访者表示,他们认为自己已经完全对垃圾进行了分类,部分原因是许多人不愿意对自己的垃 圾进行分类。选B。答案:B.What can we infer from Liu Jianguos words?A.Its difficult to carry out garbage-sorting in China. B.Some laws in garbage-sorting are needed.C.People in developed countries can better sort the garbage.D.We should learn from Japan.解析:推理判断题。根据
24、最后一段中的 “Its a must to have a legal guarantee to promote garbage-sorting可知,清华大学教授刘建国在接受中国日报采访时表示“推广垃圾分类必须 要有法律保障”。由此可推知,刘建国认为需要制定一些垃圾分类的法律。答案:B.Whats the best title of the passage?A.Garbage-sorting, a New Start in China B.New Regulations in Beijing C.Argument on Garbage-sorting D.How to Sort Domestic
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