八年级英语句子种类外语学习英语口语_外语学习-英语口语.pdf
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1、学习必备 欢迎下载 八年级(上)语法专题复习(VI)句子种类 英语中句子分为简单句,复合句,从句,倒装句虚拟语气。简单句可分为陈述句,祈使句,疑问句,感叹句四种。这里主要是复习简单句的用法。一.陈述句的构成形式及基本用法 1.陈述句:陈述句是用来陈述一个事实或表达说话人看法(包括肯定和否定)的句子。通常用降调,句末用句号“.”。Tom has a new car.The flower isnt beautiful.2.陈述句否定式的构成(1)如果肯定陈述句的谓语部分含有助动词、情态动词或连系动词 be,则只需在这些动词后加 not/no 即可构成否定式。He is playing the gu
2、itar.(肯定)He is not playing the guitar.(否定)We can get there before dark.(肯定)We cant get thee before dark.(否定)There is no air and water,we are not live on the earth.(2)如果陈述句的谓语动词是实义动词,而其中又没有情态动词或助动词时,则需根据人称和时态在该实义动词前加dont,doesnt(有第三人称单数)或didnt(过去时态)。同时把该实义动词变为原形。He plays the violin well.(肯定)。He doesnt
3、 play the violin well.(否定)She won the game.(肯定)。She didnt win the game.(否定)(3)如果句子是 there be 结构或谓语动词是 have(有),除了 be 和 have 之后加 not之外,句中如果有 some 要变为 any。例如:There is some water in the cup.There is not any water in the cup.He has some books.He has not any books.(4)除 not 以外,用 no,nothing,nobody,never,few
4、,seldom(不常),hardly(几乎不),little,Noone,no one ,neither unhappy,disagree,impossible 等否定含义的词时,即可构成否定式.A.Hes never been to the U.S.A,_ he?N o,he _.B.Kates hardly read the book,_she?Yes,she _.()1.There is _ orange juice in the glasses,is there?A.few B.a few C.little D.a little There is mething wrong with
5、his bike.There is nothing wrong with his bike.(kEY:A)Someone doesnt have anything to do.Someone has nothing to do all day.一些人整天无所事事。注意:在宾语从句中否定主句:我认为他不对。I dont think he is right.二.祈使句的构成形式及基本用法 祈使句是用来表示命令、请求、建议、号召等的句子,谓语动词用原形,句末用感叹号“!”或句号“.”。朗读时一般用降调。1.肯定的祈使句:(1)祈使句主语是 you 时,you 常省略,但如果要特别强调对方或表达某种强
6、烈的情绪时可以有主语或称呼语。Be quiet.You be quiet!(2)祈使句”表示一种强烈的感情或请求,用动词原形。Come to school a little earlier,please.Be careful.(3)please 用在祈使句中可以表示一种客气的语气,但 please 用在句末时,必学习必备 欢迎下载 须用逗号与其余部分分开。Open the window,please.(4)Let 引导祈使句时,后面需跟上人称代词或称呼语,人称代词一般只用第一、第三人称。Let Jack wait a minute.Lets go to school.(5)在祈使句中,Lets
7、 和 Let us 是有区别的。Lets 包括说话者,而 Let us 不包括听话者在内。这点从反意疑问句时可明显看出。Lets go skating,shall we?(表示内部的建议)Let us try again,will you?(表示向别人发出请求(对方).否定祈使句通常以 Dont 或 Never 开头。其结构通常是:“Dont(Never)+动词原形+其他成分”例如:Dont do that again,will you?Never leave todays work for tomorrow!Dont be late next time!三.一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句
8、、反意疑问句的构成形式及基本用法 1.一般疑问句:(1)一般疑问句的肯定形式 一般疑问句一般是指以助动词(,is am,are,do,does,will.shall,have.has)、情态动词(must,can/could,may/can,should,need etc),通常要求以 yes,或 no 来回答的疑问句,一般疑问句读时通常用升调。Do you know Mr.Smith?,Can you swim?变成一般疑问句:A.I ve already done my homework.=_ you _ homework _?B.He offered car to us to the z
9、oo.=_ he _ car to us to the zoo?C.She washes up the bowel every day.=_ she _ up bowels every day?特别注意:do,does,did,原来的动词要还原。(2)一般疑问句的否定结构 在一般疑问句的否定结构中,把副词 not 放在一般疑问句的主语之后。但如果用 not 的简略形式-nt,则须将-nt 与一般疑问句句首的 be,have,助动词或情态动词写在一起。在实际运用中,一般都采用简略式。Are you not a football fan?,Arent you a football fan?Will
10、 she not like it?,Wont she like it?与汉语不同的是,英语一般疑问句否定结构的答语是否定还是肯定,全由答语的否定或肯定来决定。若答语是肯定的,则用 yes 加肯定结构;若答语是否定的,则用 no 加否定结构。Arent you a football fan?你不是足球迷吗?Yes,I am.,No,I am not.Wont she like it?Yes,she will.,No,she wont.2.特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句由“疑问代词或疑问副词+一般疑问句”构成,句子一般用倒装语序,但如果主语是疑问代词或由疑问代词修饰时,用陈述句的语序。特殊疑问句不能用 y
11、es 或 no 回答,读时用降调。例如:Who is on duty today?.How long have you been in Beijing?What time do you get up every morning?.What must I do now?常用的特殊疑问句 询问内容 疑问词或句型 例 句 回 答 职业,身份 what What is your father?He is a doctor.姓名或关系 who Who is that boy?He is Jack.He is my brother 相貌特征 whatlike?What is she like?(主要性格)
12、为陈述句祈使句疑问句感叹句四种这里主要是复习简单句的用法一陈述句的构成形式及基本用法陈述句陈述句是用来陈述一个事实或表达说话人看法包括肯定和否定的句子通常用降调句末用句号陈述句否定式的构成如果肯定陈述句的谓语动词是实义动词而其中又没有情态动词或助动词时则需根据人称和时态在该实义动词前加有第三人称单数或过时态同时把该实义动词变为原形肯定否定肯定否定如果句子是结构或谓语动词是有除了和之后加之外句中如果有要我认为他不对二祈使句的构成形式及基本用法祈使句是用来表示命令请求建议号召等的句子谓语动词用原形句末用感叹号或句号朗读时一般用降调肯定的祈使句祈使句主语是时常省略但如果要特别强调对方或表达某种强烈的
13、情绪时学习必备 欢迎下载 What does she look like?She is beautiful.(外表)目的 whatfor?What did they come here for?To attend a meeting.原因 why Why did they come here?Because they have a meeting to attend.天气 how whatlike?How wil the weather be today?(注意 how 不用 like)What is the weather like today?Its fine.颜色 what color?
14、What dolor is her skirt?Its red.服装尺寸 what size What size does he wear?He wars 40.几点钟 what time What time is it?Its 7:30.星期几 what day What day is today?Its Tuesday.几号,日期 what is the date?What is the date today?Its May 2.年龄(多大)how old How old is he?He is 38.持续多长时间(多久)how long How long have you been he
15、re?For five months.长度(多长)how long How long is the bridge?Its 500 metres.距离(多远)how far How far is it from here to the zoo?Its 6 kilometres.频度(多经常)how often How often do you come back?Once a week.时间经过(多快)how soon How soon will she arrive?In an week.数量(多少)how many(可数名词)how much(不可数名词)How many jackets d
16、o you have?3 .How much coffee do you want?Two cups.价格 how much How much is it?,How much does it cost?Five dollars.高度(多高)how tall(人,树)How tall is she?Shes 1.73 metres.how high(山,建筑物)How high is the tower?Its 4 50 metres.但是在宾语从句里用陈述句语序。E。G:I dont know when the train leaves?人称和数的变化由从句主语而定,时态的呼应主/从句而定。3
17、.选择疑问句:选择疑问句是说话者提出两种或两种以上的不同情况,让对方选择回答的疑问句。其结构是“疑问句+选择部分”。选择部分由 or 连接,or 前面的部分读升调,or 后面的部分读降调。选择疑问句不能用 yes 或 no 回答,而必须具体的选择答复,一个陈述句。Is your bag yellow or blac k?Its black.。Would you like some tea or coffee?Either will do.。Which do you like better,singing or dancing?I like dancing better.Or 在否定句中表示“而
18、,和”的意思,特别要注意。还可以表示“要不然”。A、I have no a pen or book.我没有笔和书。()1、It s too cold _ hot in winter in Hongkong.A.but B.and C.so D though 4.反意疑问句:反意疑问句是指在陈述句之后附加一个意思与之相反的简短问句,问对方是否赞同的疑问句。附加问句的否定式必须缩写。(1)肯定的陈述句后跟否定的附加问句,否定的陈述句后跟肯定的附加问句。I am your teacher,arent I?He didnt study hard,did he?(2)如果陈述句中含有否定副词 never
19、(从不,决不),hardly(几乎不)或其他为陈述句祈使句疑问句感叹句四种这里主要是复习简单句的用法一陈述句的构成形式及基本用法陈述句陈述句是用来陈述一个事实或表达说话人看法包括肯定和否定的句子通常用降调句末用句号陈述句否定式的构成如果肯定陈述句的谓语动词是实义动词而其中又没有情态动词或助动词时则需根据人称和时态在该实义动词前加有第三人称单数或过时态同时把该实义动词变为原形肯定否定肯定否定如果句子是结构或谓语动词是有除了和之后加之外句中如果有要我认为他不对二祈使句的构成形式及基本用法祈使句是用来表示命令请求建议号召等的句子谓语动词用原形句末用感叹号或句号朗读时一般用降调肯定的祈使句祈使句主语是
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