高中英语必修五Unit 1-【经典教学资料】.docx
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1、Un i t 1 G et t i n g along with othersG r amm a rI.不定式句法功能1 .作主语:Th e cat sai dTo take r o 1 ler coas t er is ter r i b 1 e .不定式短语作主语时,可以直接放在句首,但在很多情况下,尤其是在疑问句和感 叹句中,往往放在谓语之后,而用先行代词i t作形式主语。 The c at said, “Its te r ribl e t o tak e roller c o a s te r .”Ho w long d i d i t take you to ta k e ro 1
2、ler c o a s ter?How t er r ible i t is to t a ke r o Iler coast e r?不定式作主语常见句型:a ) It i s + adj.(easy, important, d ifficult.) + 不定式b) I t is + n. (a pit y , a pleas u re, o n e5s d ut y , a s h a me) + 不定 式e .g. Its my dut y to t each you how t o be a student o f No.3 M i ddle School.c) Ittakes/nee
3、d s/req u ires + s om e t i me ( h ours, mon t h s , da y s, pat i ence.) + 不定式e.g. It r e q ui r e s p a ti e n ce to be a goo d t e ac h er.d) 作表语:当句子的主语是aim, i d ea, polic y , q u e stio n , s u gges t ion, wish, task, duty, job, pur p o s e 等或者主语是 what引导的名词性 从句时,后面可以用不定式做表语,用以说明主语所包含内容。e. g . Ou
4、r m o st i m p o rtant task now is to m a ke a plan.注:作表语的不定式都带to,但当主语部分有实义动词do时,to可以省略。e .g. The o nly thing we can d o n ow i s wait and see.3.作宾语The c a t said Re memb e r not t o t a k e it next tim e !”.a)可以直接用不定式作宾语的动词很多,常见的有:agre e, afford, tend, ask, d ecide, d e termi ne, exp ect, fail, h o
5、pe, lear n , inten d , manage, off e r, pl a n, p romis e , r e f u se, w a nt, w i s h 等I d o nt want 1 i k e Tm s p eaki n g il 1 of a n ybody, but the ma nag ers plan is u n f air.A. to s ound B. to b e s o u nd e dC. sounding D. tohave sounde d当不定式短语比宾补长时,往往将不定式放到宾补后,而用先行代词it作形式宾 语,常用动词有 f e el,
6、 think, fi n d, believ e , consider, make 等。Th e ca t felt i t terribl e to take roll e r c oa s ter.b)不定式一般不作介词的宾语,只有少数介词如but, ex c ep t等后面可以跟不 定式作宾语。一般情况下作介词宾语的不定式都带t。,如果but或except所在句 子里的谓语动词都是实义动词do, does, did时,通常省略to。e. g. We h a ve no c ho i ce but t o wait.Cf. We cando n othi n g bu t wa i t.4
7、 .宾语补足语在svoc句型中,许多动词都可以按不定式作宾语补足语。a)通常作宾语补语的不定式要带to,常用于以下动词之后:ask, tell, adv i se, aHow, e n abl e , exp e c t , f orce, get, 1 i ke, order, te a ch, want, inv i te, wish, b eg 等You should get t h em to hel p you.但在谓语动词 believ e , find, think, f e el, consider, sup pose, i m a g i ne, pro v e等后面跟to
8、be作宾补,不跟t o do.e. g . They b eli e ve him t o b e h o n est.b)以下两类动词后跟不定式作宾补时不能带t o一些表示“致使,意义的动词,如:1 et, ha v e, m a k e等一些表示感觉的动词,如:hear, feel, see, wa t ch, notice等Do n t let t h e children tr o uble you.I h e ar d s o meo n e open th e door.但当这两类动词为被动态时,不定式就成了主补。作主补的不定式必须加上to His father mad e h i
9、m g o t o b ed e arly.一He was made to g o to b ed e arl y by h is fathe r .5 .作定语不定式可以在句子充当后置定语,修饰名词。以下几类情况常用不定式作定语:能带不定式作宾语的动词,其同源名词可以带不定式作定语。常见的有a t tempt, d e cision, pr o mi s e, plan 等e.g. He h a s nt k e pt hi s p r omi s e to w r ite to hi s p arents r e gularl y.常与不定式搭配的形容词,其同源名词一般可以用不定式作定语。
10、常见的有a bil i t y , d etermina t i on, anxi e ty, e a g ernes s 等e.g. His eage r n e s s to fini s h h is hom e work was quite clea r . 序数词形容词最高级或被only, last, n e xt等修饰的名词可以用不定 式作定语:She was the only p e r s on t o sur v iv e after the earthq u ake.Tips:不定式在作定语时,有时与被修饰的名词有意义上的主谓关系、同位关系、 动宾关系,如果该不定式是不及物
11、动词,它后面需要加上适当介词。e. g . Hes a 1 w a y s the f i r st to c o me and th e last t o 1 e a ve.主谓关系Fve n o time to listen t o your ex c us e . 同位关系She has a meeting to attend.(动宾关系=attend a mee t ing)T h e res nothi n g to wo r ry about.(动宾关系=worry a bout n othing)6 .作状语不定式可以作状语,表示目的、结果、原因、条件等。o rderto,s o
12、 a s t o .(不能放在句首)作目的状语A 1 1 the s e gifts m u st b e mail e d imme d iately in time f or C h r i s tmas.A. i n ord e r to have re c eivedB. in o r der t o re c e i v eC. so as to b e rece i v edD. s o as to b e re c eiving在s o .a s to, s u c h. as t o, o nl y to结构中不定式作结果状语,其中 only to用于表示意想不到的结果。He
13、hu r ried t o the stati o n o n ly t o f ind the train h a d g o ne.enou g h to, too. t o 结构e. g. The boy is n 9t o 1 den oug h t o g o t o s cho o 1.=The bo y is too youn g t o go t o scho o 1.形容词(h a pp y , glad, 1 u cky, for t una t e , s u r prised, angry, a n x i ous, ready,quick, slow, cru e 1
14、, c 1 e v e r 等)+ 不定式结构e. g . I m g lad to mee t you.Th e qu e st i o n i s d if f erent to a n s w er.He is ha r d to get along w ith.7.作插入语,用来说明说话人的态度、看法、对整个句子进行解释,如t o b e frank(坦白地说),to be sure (确实)等。e. g . T o tell you the t r u th, I h a t e yo u .8.作同位语e .g. T h e ord e r to start th e gen er
15、al attack soon came.不定式的复合结构,以i t为形式主语或形式宾语引导的复合结构,如果其前的形 容词是指行为的性质就用:for s b . t o do sth.这种复合结构在句中可作 主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。It is necess ary for m e to 1 e arn E nglish well.如果该形容词是指行为的性质,同时又指行为的人,则用of sb. todost h.o 这种句式中的常用形容词有:right, w r o ng, br a ve, c a r efu 1 , carele s s, c 1 ever, w ise, s t up
16、 i d , cruel, fool i sh, good, ho n est, kind, n ice, silly 等。e. g. I fs very k i n d of yo u t o c o me t o see m e .连接代(副)词+不定式(包括 w h ether, w h a t, wh i ch, whom, where, when, how,不包括why),在句中起名词的作用,通常跟在诸如tell, know, s h ow, decide, lea r n, w o nder, explain等动词后作宾、主语或表语。egNo o n e c a n t ell m
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- 经典教学资料 高中英语必修五Unit 1-【,经典教学资料】 高中英语 必修 Unit 经典 教学 资料
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