压轴题02 阅读理解D(语言类)(解析版)-2023年高考英语压轴题专项训练(江苏专用).docx
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《压轴题02 阅读理解D(语言类)(解析版)-2023年高考英语压轴题专项训练(江苏专用).docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《压轴题02 阅读理解D(语言类)(解析版)-2023年高考英语压轴题专项训练(江苏专用).docx(15页珍藏版)》请在得力文库 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。
1、压轴题02阅读理解D考向分析综合近几年高考对于阅读理解的能力考查形式,2023年高考对于科普说明文的考查仍 然是重点。科普说明文一直都是命题人提高阅读能力的重要考点,因此在近几年的高考命题 中科普说明文一直都是以压轴题的形式存在,其中包括研究报告、科学技术、社会心理、宇 宙探索、医学报告、语言学、社会生活等多种领域,体现了阅读题材的多样性。压轴题要领壑电赘型二语言学类1 .基本规律:阅读理解D篇阅读文章一般难度都比较大,但命题者设题的难度并不大。2 .实用解题方法:某人说的话,或者是带引号的,一定要高度重视。很有可能就是某个 问题的同义替换。有时候每段的第一句话,仅仅是一个表述。而在第2或3句
2、以后,会出现对比或者转折。 一般来说,转折后面的是作者的态度。要注意的是:作者对什么进行了转折。每一个问题,在原文中,都要有一个定位。然后精读,找出那个中心句或者关键词。要抓 文章的中心主旨和各段落的大意,阅读理解考的就是这个“中心句”。某人说过的话,有时并不是题眼,但可以从侧面或某个角度来反映作者的观点,也就是作 者想表达的,正确答案都是和这样的观点相一致的。要把握关键词,有感情色彩的词。注意中心句(即题眼)和前后句子之间的关系,是接着说的,还是转折关系。要把握和前 后句子之间的关系。是并列关系的,可以从这些句子里找同义词;是转折关系的,就通过转 折关系句子里的关键词的相反意思来判断。注意几
3、个词,yet表转折,hardly表否定。while有时是比较,有时也表转折。比较的时 候,注意比较的对象,要弄清楚。转折的时候,你要知道作者对什么进行了转折。压轴题速练押题速练1.Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common m and a to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking, five
4、-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the worlds languages.More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as f and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that
5、ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damian Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.选D。押题速练5I met the last speaker of Naati on an empty beach on Malekula, an island in Vanuatu. I told the man, Ariep, that I was in the country to study one
6、of its native languages. When he learned I was a linguist(语言学家),he excitedly shared that he speaks Naati.Ariep explained the relationship between Naati and the other languages of the area. With a mix of pride and sorrow, he revealed that he is the last fluent speaker of Naati. Although a few of his
7、family members have some knowledge of the language and make an effort to use it together, he fears that with his death, Naati will soon disappear. Naatis situation is not unique. Of the about 7000 languages spoken on the planet today, 50% to 90% are considered vulnerable(脆弱的)to extinction by the end
8、 of the century.Languages are an invaluable source of culture. Understanding different languages is vital to understanding human cognition(认矢口). A world with diverse languages benefits us all. Each language is a piece of the puzzle that we need in order to determine how language works in the mind. W
9、ith each missing piece, we are further from seeing the full picture.There are enough commonalities among language systems. In terms of sentence structure, all languages use the three basic elements: subject, object, and verb. Although these can be ordered in different ways, about 80% of known langua
10、ges put the subject first, while only about 1% put the object first. Analyzing these patterns has real impacts for our lives. The more we understand about how language functions, the better equipped we are to improve our therapies for communication disorders.However, taking into account all language
11、s is a huge challenge. Many languages are in danger of disappearing before they have been documented, taking with them irreplaceable information about human culture. For the sake of the speakers of endangered languages, for the sake of us all, we must preserve the worlds languages as we search for a
12、nswers and work to ensure language diversity for generations to come.1. What do we know about Ariep?A. He is desperate to leave Malekula.B. He is good at speaking many foreign languages.C. He is devoted to studying endangered languages.D. He is concerned about the disappearance of Naati.2. What is p
13、aragraph 3 mainly about?A. The influence of human cognition on languages.B. Means to break down language barriers.C. Reasons for the extinction of languages.D. The significance of language diversity.3. Why does the author mention sentence structure in paragraph 4?A. To prove the link among different
14、 languages. B , To analyze the methods of language teaching. C. To show the difficulty of learning grammar.D. To present the functions of language systems.4. What is the best title of the text?A. How Can We Protect Endangered Languages?B. What Makes Naati Unique in Human Language?C. Why Are Language
15、s Worth Preserving?D. How Do Native Languages Develop?【答案】1. D 2. D 3. A 4. C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章以即将消亡的纳提语的现象展开,阐述了语言多样性存在的 重要意义,并呼吁全人类全力保护它们。1 .细节理解题。根据第二段“Although a few of his family members have some knowledge of the language and make an effort to use it together, he fears that with his death, Naati w
16、ill soon disappear.(尽管他的一些家庭成员对这门语言有所了解,并努力一起使用这门语言,但他担 心随着他的死亡,纳提语很快就会消失广可知,Ariep担忧随着他的离世,纳提语也被带入 坟墓,彻底消亡,故选D项。2 .主旨大意题。根据第三段“Languages are an invaluable source of culture. Understanding different languages is vital to understanding human cognition.(语言是文化的宝贵源泉。理解不 同的语言对于研究人类认知至关重要的户可知,语言多样性对研究了解人类认
17、知和语言在人 脑中的工作机制有着非常重要的意义,故选D项。3 .推理判断题。根据第四段“There are enough commonalities among language systems. In terms of sentence structure, all languages use the three basic elements: subject, object, and verb.(语言系 统之间有足够多的共同点。就句子结构而言,所有语言都使用三个基本要素:主语、宾语和 动词户可知,作者提到句子结构的话题,是为了证明不同语言体系之间也存在着相同点,故 选A项。4 .主旨大意题
18、。根据倒数第二段“The more we understand about how language functions, the better equipped we are to improve our therapies for communication disorders.(我们对语言的功 能了解得越多,我们就越有能力改进对交流障碍的治疗方法)”和最后一段“For the sake of the speakers of endangered languages, for the sake of us all, we must preserve the worlds languages
19、 as we search for answers and work to ensure language diversity for generations to come.(为 了濒 危语言的使用者,为了我们所有人,我们必须保护世界上的语言,同时寻找答案,努力确保 后代的语言多样性广可知,这篇文章主要解释说明为何我们要不遗余力地拯救即将消亡的语言,故选c项。押题速练6It is calculated that some of the worlds 7,000 languages are in danger of getting extinct. For example, Ainu, a l
20、anguage in Japan, is now seriously threatened, with only 10 native speakers remaining/ said lead study author Tatsuya Amano at the University of Cambridge in England.The scientists found that 25 percent of the worlds languages are threatened(威胁、). After identifying where the endangered(濒危的,languages
21、 were, they looked for any environmental and social or economic factors those languages might have in common, such as poor areas or rapid population growth. We find that at the global scale, language speaker declines are strongly linked to economic growth-that is, declines are particularly occurring
22、 in economically developed regions/ said Amano.“One important finding of this new study is that languages in the tropics and Himalayan region are likely to be increasingly threatened in the near future, because these regions still have many local languages with a small number of speakers, and at the
23、 same time are experiencing rapid economic growth/9 said Amano.Economic growth may endanger languages for a variety of reasons. For instance, speakers of endangered languages may view another more popular language as offering economic opportunities, and thus abandon their own languages. There are ot
24、her important factors that might endanger languages J said the researchers. For instance, policies regarding how languages are used and taught in schools can be very different among countries and even within each country, and these factors may explain more detailed patterns in language endangerment.
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