专题28完形填空之说明文类-2023年高考英语一轮复习《考点•题型 •技巧》精讲与精练资料(学生版).docx
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《专题28完形填空之说明文类-2023年高考英语一轮复习《考点•题型 •技巧》精讲与精练资料(学生版).docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《专题28完形填空之说明文类-2023年高考英语一轮复习《考点•题型 •技巧》精讲与精练资料(学生版).docx(13页珍藏版)》请在得力文库 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。
1、专题28完形填空之说明文类考点题型 技巧考向分析说明文类完形填空题常就某一个问题从不同的角度来加以说明,文章可以是用来说明某一种社会现象、一个产品的制作过程、一种产品的使用方法、某个科学成就或人类生活中所面临的某个具体的难题。说明文所呈现的方式较为单一,作者往往一开始就交代说明的对象,然后再从不同的角度进行说明。因此,这类文章的每一段通常就是其中的一个角度或侧面,所以要注意概括每一个段落的主旨大意,尤其是文章每一段的开头或结尾,作者往往会对说明的话题进行概括说明。说明文类的完形填空的特征如下:1.文章多用现在时态说明文通常是对客观事物或实例的介绍与说明,与时间的变化关系不大,所以文章常用现在时
2、态。2.语言简练、平实、准确,常采用客观描述说明文的目的主要是帮助读者认清事物,明白事理,所以语言简练、平实、易于理解,内容客观真实,很少含有带感情的词汇。3.文章主题明确,层次分明说明文类完形填空往往在文章开头就点明说明对象,从而为学生们把握文章主题提供了有利条件。而且,作者借助合理的说明顺序展开文章,使文章结构清晰,层次分明。1.利用说明文首句,明确说明对象2.关注内在联系,把握说明顺序常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序(如因果关系、果因关系、先主后次等)和认识顺序(如由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质、由具体到抽象等)。3.逐句精读短文,逐题分析选项对特定的语境作深
3、入的理解,克服“思维定式”,根据全文大意和文不离句、句不离文的原则逐项选择。针对说明文独有的文体特点,解答时一定要注意从上下文意义、惯用法、固定搭配、逻辑推理、常识等角度去考虑和判断,并注意其内在联系。【题型分析】Imagine the first days in a new time zone . Slow to respond to the 28_ , your body clock is confused. Youre sleepy all day, but when its time for bed, you can hardly fall asleep. Obviously your
4、e 29 _jet lag(时差反应).28.A.flight B. change C. demand D. climate29.A.suffering from B. working on C. looking into D. leading toHow long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is 1 _to live no longer than 120 years. However,110 years is probably the longest t
5、hat anyone could hope to live-if he or she is 2_ healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce 3_. They wear out, and as a result , we get old and 4 die .1.A.designed B. selected C. improved D. discovered2.A.completel
6、y B. generally C. apparently D. extremely3.A.rapidly B. harmlessly C. endlessly D. separately4.A.eventually B. hopelessly C. automatically D. desperately检测训练1、 The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March-
7、1 six months out of the year. Of course, we 2 it when the sun is shining, says Karin Ro, who works for the towns tourism office. We see the sky is 3 , but down in the valley its darker its like on a 4 day.” But that 5 when a system of high-tech 6 was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring p
8、eaks(山峰)into the valley below. Wednesday, residents(居民)of Rjukan 7 their very first ray of winter sunshine: A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to 8 . The mirrors are controlled by a computer that 9 them to turn along with the sun throughout the 10 and to close during windy
9、weather. They reflect a concentrated beam(束)of light onto the towns central 11 , creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters. When the light 12 , Rjukan residents gathered together. People have been 13 there and standing there and taking 14 of each other, Ro says. The town square was tota
10、lly 15 . I think almost all the people in the town were there. The 3,500 residents cannot all 16 the sunshine at the same time. 17 , the new light feels like more than enough for the towns 18 residents. Its not very 19 ,” she says, but it is enough when we are 20 .”1. A. onlyB. obviouslyC. nearlyD.
11、precisely2. A. fearB. believeC. hearD. notice3. A. emptyB. blueC. highD. wide4. A. cloudyB. normalC. differentD. warm5. A. helpedB. changedC. happenedD. mattered6. A. computersB. telescopesC. mirrorsD. cameras7. A. rememberedB. forecastedC. receivedD. imagined8. A. repairB. riskC. restD. use9. A. fo
12、rbidsB. directsC. predictsD. follows10. A. dayB. nightC. monthD. year11. A. libraryB. hallC. squareD. street12. A. appearedB. returnedC. fadedD. stopped13. A. drivingB. hidingC. campingD. siting14. A. picturesB. notesC. careD. hold15. A. newB. fullC. flatD. silent16. A. blockB. avoidC. enjoyD. store
13、17. A. InsteadB. HoweverC. GraduallyD. Similarly18. A. nature-lovingB. energy-savingC. weather-beatenD. sun-starved19. A. bigB. clearC. coldD. easy20. A. tryingB. waitingC. watchingD. sharing2、There are good stories to be found in nearly every volunteer experience. But Laurie Scott is positive that
14、1 an exchange student produces some of the greatest.As a long-time volunteer with an agency that helps 2 students connect with warm and caring 3 during their time in the US, Scot sees first-hand both the humor and the very deeply meaningful outcomes. Scott 4 Christine, for example, a student from No
15、rway. 5 at a restaurant one day, Christine was asked if she wanted a soup or salad. The girl turned to Scott with 6 , “Why would I want a super salad?” Trying not to laugh too hard, Scott 7 that what the waiter had asked was whether she wanted “soup or salad”.Scott and her husband 8 volunteered to b
16、e a host family in August 2003. They had just moved to Las Vegas, and she was looking for a way to get connected in the community. “The concept of helping 9 world peace through understanding is what makes me 10 . Through the agency I have found the best part of my community in our great families and
17、 have been able to share the 11 side of the US with our students.”Time and again, her 12 to service has opened hearts. In fact, she says, one of their amazing experiences came from 13 one hosted student, a young man from Germany named Jens, about how Americans volunteer. In Germany, where young peop
18、le are 14 to spend a year serving in the army, volunteer service is 15 . Therefore, Jens was so 16 by the concept of giving that he 17 the agency to help promote exchanges, and became very involved with local schools. 18 all stories that come out of international exchange, theres a (an) 19 in this o
19、ne: Opening our hearts and 20 is something we can all do.1. A. adoptingB. hostingC. raisingD. teaching2. A. internationalB. promisingC. needyD. urban3. A. relativesB. collegesC. housesD. friends4. A. missesB. remembersC. praisesD. loves5. A. QueuingB. WorkingC. CallingD. Ordering6. A. surpriseB. ang
20、erC. delightD. fear7. A. announcedB. realisedC. explainedD. concluded8. A. obviouslyB. frequentlyC. probablyD. originally9. A. make upB. give awayC. take overD. bring about10. A. talentedB. involvedC. organizedD. relaxed11. A. familiarB. flexibleC. positiveD. controversial12. A. sacrificeB. devotion
21、C. responseD. addiction13. A. teachingB. remindingC. questioningD. warning14. A. requiredB. advisedC. determinedD. considered15. A. compulsoryB. widespreadC. validD. unusual16. A. frightenedB. relievedC. attractedD. challenged17. A. foundedB. inspiredC. joinedD. permitted18. A. ExceptB. LikeC. Rathe
22、r thanD. Regardless of19. A. differenceB. anecdoteC. amusementD. lesson20. A. mindsB. homesC. eyesD. schools3、A scientist 1 several monkeys in order to study animal psychology. He took a glass bottle, 2 its cork (瓶塞) and put two peanuts inside it. The peanuts dropped to the bottom and were easily se
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