高二英语-知识讲解 Unit 3 Interpersonal Relationships—Friendship 语言点.doc
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1、Unit 3 Interpersonal RelationshipsFriendship语言点编稿:王春霞 审稿:陈玉莲 学习目标重点词汇amount, close, forgive, loss, mention, betray, acute, swell, tear, quarrel重点短语burst out, knock over, from time to time, so that, be on good/ bad terms with sb., be blessed with, in return, turn round 重点句型the first timeregret后接v-ing
2、和to do的不同意义知识讲解重点词汇amount【原句回放】At the same time,small amounts of money started disappearing from students lockers同时,一些同学放在锁柜里的零钱开始丢失。【点拨】amount n. 数量;vi. 总计,等于The price is according to the amount价格依据数量而定。常用结构:an amount ofa large(good,great) amount of 大量的in largesmall amounts 大少量地,大小批地amount to 总共,合计
3、;等于A large amount of money is needed to treat a case of cancer治疗一例癌症需要大量的钱。The purchases amounted to 50 dollars买东西总共花了50美元。温馨提示:一般不用highbig修饰amount【拓展】易混辨析:amountnumberquantityamount用于指不可数名词的“量”,number用于指可数名词的“数”,quantity指可数和不可数名词的数量。the amount of moneytea 钱茶的数量the number of peoplebooks 人书的数量the qua
4、ntity of foodbaskets 食物篮子的数量an amount of money 大量的钱a number of books 大量的书a quantity of oilapples 大量的油苹果close【原句回放】Most people have only one close friend,someone they know really well大多数人只有一个亲密的朋友,一个他们真正了解的朋友。【点拨】close adj. 亲近的,亲密的;vt. 关闭;盖上;合上;关(商店等);封闭(道路等);adj. 近的,接近的(+to);(尤指比赛)势均力敌的;adv. 接近,靠近地(
5、+to);紧密地,紧紧地She is a close friend of theirs她是他们的挚友。She closed the door softly她轻轻地关上了门。His house is close to the factory他家靠近该工厂。They live close to the museum他们住在靠近博物馆的地方。常用结构:get close to靠近She got close to him and whispered to him她走近他向他低声私语。【拓展】易混辨析:close与closely作副词时的用法区别1. 用于本义,表示“接近地”、“靠近地”、“紧紧地”,两
6、者都可用。close通常放在动词之后,但在过去分词之前要用closely。He was standing close to the door他靠门站着。2. 用于引申义,表示“仔细地”、“紧密地”,通常用closely。可放在动词之后或之前,过去分词之前。The two events are closely connected这两件事有着紧密的联系。forgive【原句回放】The pain was acute,and I couldnt forgive Danny for leaving me那是个剧烈的伤痛,我不能原谅丹尼离我而去。【点拨】forgive v. 原谅,宽恕常用结构:forg
7、ive sb.oneself for sth.doing sth. 原谅某人自己做过某事forgive ones debt 免除某人的债务Ill never forgive her for what she did我绝不会原谅她所做的。Please forgive me my fault. 请原谅我的过错。【拓展】易混辨析:forgivepardonexcuseforgive表示“原谅”,且不怀丝毫怨恨。pardon侧重于免除因犯罪而应承担的责任或应受到的惩罚。excuse指的是容许错误或过失而不惩罚。Children begin with loving their parents;as th
8、ey grow older they judge them;sometimes they forgive them孩子们开始时爱着他们的父母,长大些后评价他们,有时会谅解他们。 注意:1. 三词后接动词时通常都用动名词(而不用不定式)。2. 表示“原谅某人做某事”要用“动词sb.for doing sth”。They forgave him for being rude. 他们原谅了他的鲁莽。Pardon me for interrupting you. 对不起打扰你了。Excuse me for opening your letter by mistake. 请原谅我不小心拆了你的信。los
9、s【原句回放】It was the worst loss I have ever experienced那是我所经历过的最大的损失。【点拨】loss n. 损失Loss of independence was a high price to pay for peace以丧失独立来换取和平是极高的代价。It was a great loss to us all这对我们所有人来说都是一个巨大的损失。常用结构:at a loss 不知所措,困惑Im at a loss what to do next我不知道下一步怎么办。She was at a loss for words to express h
10、er anger她气得都不知该说些什么了。【拓展】lose (lost, lost) v. 输掉;丢失;失去A C Milan lost the Italian Cup Final.AC米兰队输掉了意大利杯决赛。I lost my keys.我把钥匙丢了。I lost my job when the company moved to another state.公司搬到了另一个州,我便失业了。He had lost his desire to live.他已失去了活下去的念头。They lost their ability to hear.他们失去了听觉。mention【原句回放】Then t
11、he website was mentioned on a radio programme and suddenly the site became very popular后来这个网站被一个广播节目提起就突然变得流行起来。【点拨】mention v. 提到,说到,写到Nobody mentioned anything to me about it没有人跟我提过这件事。He failed to mention that he was the one who started the fight他没提到是他先动手打人的。常用结构:mention sth.sb. to sb. 向某人提到某事某人Do
12、nt mention it. (对别人道谢时的回答)不客气。not to mention 更不用说,且不说Old folk and children alike are all against the proposal, not to mention the youth老人、小孩都不赞成这个建议,更不用说年轻人了。betray【原句回放】I felt he had betrayed me. 我觉得他已经背叛了我。【点拨】betray vt. 出卖,背叛;泄露常见搭配:betray oneself 露出本来面目betray sth. to sb. 向某人泄露某事Her face betrayed
13、 her nervousness. 她的脸上流露出紧张。The officer betrayed the secret to his friends. 这位官员把秘密透露给他的朋友们。She could not help betraying her sympathy for us.她禁不住对我们露出同情之意。【拓展】betrayal n. 泄露,出卖;betrayer n. 背叛者,告密者a betrayal of my principles 出卖我的原则acute【原句回放】The pain was acute 疼痛非常强烈【点拨】acute adj. 敏锐的;严重的;深刻的 常用短语:ac
14、ute infection 急性感染 acute observer 敏锐的观察家acute shortage 严重短缺 He suffers from acute depression. 他患有严重的抑郁症。We agreed with his acute analysis of the political situation. 我们都同意他对政治形势的深刻分析。swell【原句回放】It was here that I discovered that I was allergic to the tiny flies which bit me and made my face swell. 正
15、是在这儿我发现了我对小苍蝇过敏,它们咬我之后,我的脸就会肿胀。【点拨】swell v. (使)膨胀,增长 (swelled, swollen);n. 涌浪;海浪的涌动swell (sth.) into/ to sth. (使某物)膨胀,肿胀,增强,增多swell up= swell 肿胀swell (sth.) with pride/ anger etc. 洋洋得意/怒气冲冲等His ankle was already starting to swell. 他的脚踝已经开始肿了。The heavy rain swelled the river. 大雨使河水上涨。A small business
16、 swelled into a big company. 小商店发展成大公司。When you develop a throat infection or catch a cold, the glands in the neck swell up.当咽喉感染或感冒时,扁桃腺就会肿胀。Her face swelled up with toothache. / Her face was swollen up with toothache.她的脸因牙痛而肿了起来。Her heart swelled with pride as she watched her son receiving his awa
17、rd. 看着儿子领奖时,她心中充满了自豪。【拓展】swollen adj. 肿胀的,膨胀的The swollen balloon burst itself. 涨起的气球破了。tear【原句回放】My mother simply scolded me for tearing my underwear. 我妈妈只不过是因为我撕破内衣而责备了我。【点拨】tear n. (常用复数)眼泪;v. 撕破,扯破,划破,戳破;(猛烈地)撕扯,拔掉,掀掉常用搭配:burst into tears 放声大哭tear sth. out/ off/ away 把某物撕开/撕掉/扯掉tear sth. to/into
18、pieces/shredstear sth. up 把撕碎tear ones heart out 使心碎,使极其难受tear.apart (粗暴地)撕成碎片;使心里不痛快tear down 拆毁(建筑)Be careful not to tear your sleeve on that nail.小心别让你的袖子被钉子划了。Someones torn the last page out.有人把最后一页撕掉了。The contract lay on the ground,torn to pieces.合同被撕成碎片,扔在地上。Its time some of these old apartmen
19、t blocks were torn down. 其中一些旧的住宅楼该拆了。quarrel【原句回放】They have quarrelled seriously three times 他们激烈争吵了三次【点拨】quarrel vi. 争吵,吵架;n. 争吵,不和,口角常用搭配:quarrel with sb. 与某人争吵quarrel about/ over 就争吵quarrel with sth. 不同意,抱怨I always seem to be quarrelling with my parents. 我似乎总和父母争吵。Everything is settled. There is
20、 no need to quarrel about this. 问题都解决了,没有必要就此事争吵了。They were quarrelling furiously about whose turn it was to cook the dinner.他们正在就轮到谁做饭而激烈地争吵着。Nobody could quarrel with the reports conclusions. 大家都同意报告的结论。重点短语burst out 【原句回放】When he reached the final line,everyone burst out laughing他说到最后一句的时候,大家都大笑起
21、来。【点拨】burst out 突然起来(后通常接动名词)“I dont believe it”, he burst out.“我不相信”,他大声说道。She burst out crying (laughing/ singing).她突然哭(笑,唱)起来。She was so overjoyed that she nearly burst out laughing. 她心里一乐,几乎笑出声来。【拓展】同义表达:burst into laughter 突然笑起来fall about laughing 放声大笑John glared at her for a moment, and then h
22、e burst into laughter. 约翰先是对她怒目而视,随后也哈哈笑起来。Nicks a born clown. Just the sight of him is enough to make you fall about laughing.尼克天生一副丑相,看他一眼你就会忍不住大笑。补充:burst into 突然闯入;突然起来Dont burst into my bedroom without knocking请不要不敲门就贸然闯入我的卧室。She burst into tears (laughter, song).她突然哭(笑,唱)起来。A cry of horror bur
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